My Experience As A Youth Of Family Members With Severe...

My experience as a youth of family members with severe illnesses have been profound and life shaping. Although they are not experiences that are rare, they do not parallel with the experiences of others. As shown here, they are unique and mirror multiple identities developed in a child’s young life. My story began years ago when I was sitting in the living room cuddled up under my soft, worn-out, bear blankie on a brisk fall day when the phone rang. Upon interrupting my Spongebob marathon, I answered the phone. â€Å"Hello?† Immediately my mom picks the phone up in the other room, â€Å"Sam, hang up the phone, I need to talk to Aunt Sandy.† Resuming my Nickelodeon marathon, the house became uncomfortably quiet. Aunt Sandy called to tell our family†¦show more content†¦I particularly struggled in understanding what mental illness was. My mother explained it as â€Å"Paul didn’t want to live on earth anymore, he wanted to be in heaven.† Littl e did I realize at the time that Paul was a severe alcoholic and drug abuser. My mom would tell me that â€Å"he wanted to make himself feel better on the inside.† Paul was a father and desperately wanted to change for his family and took the steps to get help. Upon his many attempts of getting clean, each and every time failed and his relapse became worse. I bothered my mom for days before the funeral wanting to know more about what happened but she was too upset to tell me. I came to terms with my curiosity about Paul and let it go until after the funeral. A black and white polka-dot dress that puffed out when I twirled was what my mother dressed me in for the funeral. I remember the silence of the funeral home with many whispers in the background. â€Å"Its so sad how he died†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"I can’t believe he would do something like that.† â€Å"But he was doing so well†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Repeated phrases commonly noted when listening in on some adults conv ersations. My curiosity arose again on what really happened. And why was Paul wearing a turtleneck shirt in his casket? Paul hated turtleneck shirts†¦ So on the car ride home I pestered my mom into telling me more. My mother tried to explain to me that Paul was in a rehabilitation center trying to get clean and to only take medications in the

Comparative Public Administration - 1500 Words

What do you understand by Comparative Public Administration? Comparative Public Administration is an applied, intercultural, interdisciplinary, explanatory field of study which carries out cross-cultural investigations in order to provide solutions for management problems sooner and develop management technologies further. It is no accident that the field focuses upon growth, reform and capacity building since Comparative Public Administration is in many ways about identifying those best practices which promote the most desirable organizational structures and processes. This idealistic goal involves finding functional patterns of organization and management that are transferable from one system to another. Sometimes the way something†¦show more content†¦Since 1975, practically all the gains in household income have gone to the top 20% of households. The war in March-April 2003 between a US-led coalition and Iraq, and the subsequent occupation of Iraq, required major shift s in national resources to the military. Soaring oil prices between 2005 and the first half of 2008 threatened inflation and unemployment, as higher gasoline prices ate into consumers budgets. Imported oil accounts for about 60% of US consumption. Long-term problems include inadequate investment in economic infrastructure. What is Pendleton Act? Since the beginning of the government, people gained and lost their jobs whenever a new president took office. These jobs were political pay-offs for people who supported them. Many people did not take their jobs too seriously because they knew they would be out of their office soon. As Henry Clay put it, government officials after an election are like the inhabitants of Cairo when the plague breaks out; no one knows who is next to encounter the stroke of death. Over the years the flaws that were made and the problems that resulted became more obvious. After an election you could open a newspaper and find many advertisements, which offered government jobs that were filled before the election. On January 16, 1883 the U.S. legislation established a law, which gave employment based on merit rather than on political party affiliation that leads to corruption in the governmentShow MoreRelatedComparative Public Administration11510 Words   |  47 PagesCOMPARATIVE PUBLIC Structure , 5.0 5 I 5.2 5.3 5.4 Objectives 1ntrod;uction What to Compare? Levels of Analysis The Range of Comparative Studies 5.4.1 54.2 5.4.3 5.4.4 5.4.5 Inter-institutional Analysis Intra-national Analysis Cross-national Analysis Cross-cultural Analysis Cross-temporal Analysis 5.5 Nature of Comparative Administrative Studies 5.5.1 Nonnat~ve E~npirical to 5.5.2 Ideographic to Nomothetic 5.5.3 Non-ecological to Ecological 5.6 Scope of Comparative Public Administration 5.7Read MoreEvolution of Public Administration in Woodrow Wilsons The study of Public Administration593 Words   |  2 PagesQuestion 1 : Trace the evolution of Public Administration : Public Administration very recent science , goes to the book on The study of Public Administration which has written by Woodrow Wilsom in 1887 , this book was the foundation of Public Administration science , then P.A had rapid change in its nature , scope and role . He evolution of P.A divided into five phases ( by Avasthi and Masheshwari ) : ï‚ § Phase 1 : From 1887 to 1926 : It is administration dichotomy period so, P.A has been separatedRead MoreModels of Public Administration2299 Words   |  10 PagesStudying the Models of Public Administration MODELS OF COMPARITIVE PUBLIC ADMINISTRATIONINTRODUCTION Before going to the models, it is important to understand the different terminologies used in the subject: 1. APPROACH: An Approach is based primarily on one central concept. That is thought to be especially useful in studying basic features of public administration. Approaches are general in nature. 2. MODELS: Models can be considered as a refined and more specific version of approachesRead MoreThe Foxhole Court, By Writer Nora Sakavic Essay1193 Words   |  5 Pagesconsistency with developing economy, financial advancement, market orientation one can choose one’s future. Without scrutinizing these sections decisions may take for personal gain or achievement. This is the why I like to choose The subject â€Å"Public Administration† at renowned University of Dhaka. Political Economy : Political Economy, branch of social science that studies the relationships between individuals and society and between markets and the state, using a diverse set of tool and methods drawnRead MoreWoodrow Wilson vs. Long948 Words   |  4 Pagesquestion for Wilson was how Americans could incorporate Public Administration into the Constitution which did not mention it. Also in developing Public Administration, Wilson’s basic difficulty was how to reconcile the differences in notions of democracy (popular rule) and the systematic rules. To do this he says there are two spheres: â€Å"Politics† and â€Å"Administration† Politics = choices of government are made by the elected and Administration = carries out the choices by the (popular consent) freeRead MoreGood Governance And Public Sector Management1022 Words   |  5 Pagesaspects especially politically. Good Governance is linked to Public Sector Management and how it is developing. Public Sector Management has went through changes over the past decades: from Traditional Public Administration to New Public Management or in other words Governance and managerialism. Moving from traditional administration with emphasis on neutrality of the public, tenure, career and a structure of hierarchical authority. The New Public Management with emphasis on commercialization and privatizationRead MoreThe Role Of Transactional And Transformational Leadership Styles On Organizational Commitment And Job Satisfaction Of Customer Contact Personnel913 Words   |  4 PagesComparison Matrix Paper . Article one entitled â€Å"Transformational leadership in the Public Sector: Does Structure Matter?† by Wright and Pandey, discusses the public organization and goes against stereotypical beliefs that they are filled with bureaucracy. Next â€Å"The Effect of Transactional and Transformational Leadership Styles on the Organizational Commitment and Job Satisfaction of Customer Contact Personnel,† written by Emery and Barker job satisfaction in the banking food store businesses. TheRead MoreA Public Administrator s Biggest Concern1504 Words   |  7 PagesPublic administration is often times the enforcement of government policy and also academic discipline that prepares people for working in the public service. It is a field with a diverse scope. The goal is to have advance management and policies so that the government can function. A public administrator’s biggest concern is having a sense of organization with government policies and programs. Often times many unelected officers can be considered heads of city, county, regional, state, and federalRead MoreSeminar Paper on Prismatic –Sala Model vs. Bureaucratic Model3996 Words   |  16 Pages Prepared by:Kh. Mahmudul Hasan2nd Year, 1st SemesterRegistration No: 2010237072Department of Public Administration326/C, Shah Poran HallMob. No: 01912167683, 01612167683Email: mahmudul016@gmail.comShahjalal University of Science amp; TechnologySylhet – 3114. | Introduction Riggs made a great effort in searching for an objective and effective model for analyzing public administration in developing regions. With his background in sociological theory, Riggs created the â€Å"fused-prismatic-diffractedRead MoreIntroduction to Public Administration2908 Words   |  12 PagesPUBLIC ADMINISTRATION MEANING ,NATURE AND SCOPE Introduction Public Administration is a newly emerged discipline compare to other Social Science’s discipline. Public Administration has gained immense importance since the emergence of Administrative state. In Ancient Greek, Roman and Indian political system gave more importance to the concept of Administration. Kautilys’s â€Å"Arthasathra† contributed large scale in the administrative system; it deals every aspect of the state and its relation to subjects

Yes to Guns! No to Gun Control! Free Essays

Yes to guns! No to gun control! Banning Guns Cannot Prevent School Shootings! Imagine yourself at the scene of the Virginia Tech shooting. You hide under the desk that you were sitting at peacefully just moments ago. Gun shots ring though the air as you sit curled up on the cold floor, wondering who the next victim of the evil rampage will be. We will write a custom essay sample on Yes to Guns! No to Gun Control! or any similar topic only for you Order Now Don’t you wish you could have had a gun in this moment? Don’t you wish you had a way to defend yourself against the murderer? Because we cannot go back in time, we cannot know how differently the Virginia Tech shooting could have turned out if one of the victims had possessed a gun. We can, however, analyze this and other school shootings to see how they could have been different. Thirty-one states currently have laws allowing concealed handguns for adults with no criminal record or history of mental disorders. The cause of concealed-carry has grown over the past decade or two. More and more people are realizing how much of a positive difference allowing guns can really make. Banning guns on campuses doesn’t protect students. Rather, the policy only endangers those who are ethical enough to follow the law. Outlaws are the only ones who will have guns if guns are outlawed. This means that criminals will have guns, and law-abiding civilians will not. Students and teachers should be allowed to carry concealed handguns on college campuses. In 1997 in Pearl Mississippi, a shooter was stopped by an assistant principal who had retrieved a gun from his car. Because he was not allowed to bring his gun into the school, the assistant principal could not stop the shooting earlier. If he would have been allowed to bring his gun into the school, the lives of the shot students could have been saved. In Edinboro, Pennsylvania, in 1998, a passerby stopped a shooter who was reloading his gun by pointing a shotgun at him until the police arrived. If it were not for this civilian, the shooter would have been able to finish reloading his gun and continue his massacre. If a person bearing a gun had not been on the scene at either one of these shootings, much more damage could have been done by the shooters. Sharp-minded civilians with guns, however, were present at both of those school shootings. Without anyone even firing a shot, both of these tragedies were prevented from becoming worse. For a more recent example, consider the Virginia Tech shooting. Obviously, there was no student or teacher with a gun at the scene of the shooting. As I stated before, we cannot know if the tragedy could have turned out differently if someone would have shot the shooter. We can logically see how the tragedy could have been prevented by a student with a gun, though. Imagine if a student or teacher would have pulled a gun on and shot the Seung-Hui Cho before he began shooting people in the classroom. Dozens of lives could have been saved by that quickly-thought action. There is no possibility that someone with a concealed gun would have been on the scene, however, because concealed weapons are not allowed on the Virginia Tech campus. Almost any mass shooting could be prevented by a quick-thinking civilian with a concealed gun. Because one of the criteria for owning a concealed-carry permit is that the owner must be somewhat proficient at shooting, there is a good chance that a murderous gunner could be stopped by one bullet. Banning concealed handguns really doesn’t protect anyone. If a person is intent on killing someone, or is intent on killing a mass of people, he will do it. Someone who is willing to go against the law and kill someone, or kill a number of people, will not mind going against the law about carrying a gun on a campus. And even if a murderer does not bring a gun onto campus, there are many other ways to kill someone, such as a knife, baseball bat, or even bare hands. Guns themselves really aren’t the problem, in fact, â€Å"Guns aren’t bad things or good things. They’re things, inanimate objects, and chunks of metal with no will of their own. So if people bent on murdering will murder, people who will be the victims of the murderer should have some way to defend themselves. The best way for a person to defend themselves against an attacker is a gun, simply because it is so deadly. In a study that analyzed the relationship between concealed handgun laws and crime rates between 1977 and 1995, the effect of those laws was cl early seen. In those 19 years, states that passed laws allowing concealed-carry guns saw an 84% decline in multiple-victim shootings. In addition, after concealed-carry laws had been established for 5 years, murders decreased by at least 15%. Some people say that we cannot trust civilians with concealed handguns in mass-shooting situations because they might shoot an innocent bystander instead of the murderer. As I stated before, however, one of the criteria for obtaining a concealed-carry permit is that the owner must be somewhat proficient at shooting. There is a small chance that someone with a concealed handgun would shoot the wrong person in a space the size of a classroom. Others contend that small arguments could turn into shooting battles. I can see why some of my opponents would think this, but people are just as likely to shoot each other over small arguments as they are to strangle each other or stab each other. One of the requirements for a concealed-carry permit owner is, as I stated earlier, that he or she is mentally sound. People who are right in their minds will not attempt to kill someone with whom they have a minor disagreement. And if a person is bent on killing another, they will find a way to do it. According to Craig Medred, editor of the â€Å"Outdoors† magazine, â€Å"The problem isn’t the weapon of choice, it’s the anger. It doesn’t make any difference whether a killer has a gun, a knife, or a crowbar. Guns are used defensively 2. 5 million times every year. There has been many times over the past decades that multiple-victim shootings are prevented by civilians with concealed guns. Because there are people who are bent on killing others, the victims should have an effective method of defending themselves. Namely, they should be able to defend themselves with a gun. Banning guns doesn’t actually protect anybody, so people should be allowed to carry a concealed gun if they wish. Many lives could be saved if concealed handguns were allowed on college campuses. How to cite Yes to Guns! No to Gun Control!, Papers

Bromobutane free essay sample

Majority of the time, to prepare alkyl halides is via the nucleophilic substitution reactions of alcohols. SN2 reaction is the type of reaction used in this lab experiment. Our objective was to see how a primary alkyl halide reacted with an alcohol. We did a conversion of n-butanol to 1-bromobutane. Br- ions is the nucleophile for this reaction which is generated from an aqueous solution of NaBr. The catalyst that converted the OH functional group of butanol to a better leaving group (H2O) was the Sulfuric Acid. [pic] Results. Theoretical Yield C4H9OH +  NaBr  -gt; C4H9Br + NaOH From 1-Butanol 20mL (butanol) x 0. 810g (butanol) x 1mole (butanol) x 1mole(bromobutane) x 137. 03g(bromobutane) = 29. 95 g of 1bromobutane 1. 00 mL(butanol) 74. 12g(butanol) 1mole(butanol)1mole (bromobutane) From NaBr 27g (NaBr) x 1mole (NaBr) x 1mole (bromobutane) x 137. 03g(bromobutane) = 35. 95 g of 1bromobutane 102. 91g (NaBr) 1 mole (NaBr) 1mole (bromobutane) % Yield = 4. We will write a custom essay sample on Bromobutane or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page 74g / 29. 95 g = 15. 8% Volume ( 3. 8mL Mass ( 4. 74g 4. 74 / 3. 8 = 1. 246 g/mL After proceed with our four major operations that were refluxing, simple distillation, separation and drying, we could do our corresponding calculations. Refluxing was used to keep a reaction at a constant temperature. Simple distillation was used to help remove and purify a particular substance in that case was 1-bromobutane, from other components in the reaction flask. Separation was carried out because there was a high probability of other components in the distillate. And finally we used CaCl2 as a very good drying agent for a variety of solvents. So for instance, -butanol is the limiting reagent, theoretically 29. 95g of 1-bromobutane. Our percent yield was 15. 8% as showed in the calculations. Our volume was 1. 247 g/mL. And as finally our boliling point was 99C. Questions. †¢ Show the mechanism for the reaction perfomed in the laboratory [pic] †¢ The last step of the mechanism is an example of SN2 reaction. Why is it an SN2 reaction? Because the acid in the reaction protonated the alcoholic oxygen and the positive charge draws electrons away fro the C allowing the negative Bromide Ion to displace (SN2) the protonated oxygen as H2O. So for instance the reaction rate does depend on both the bromide ion and alcoholonium ion the reaction will be second order. †¢ Show by a mechanism how some 2-bromobutane could form as a by-product form this reaction The protonated alcohol can undergo elimination to form 1-butene which can then react with HBR to add by Markownikoff’s rule to the double bond to form 2-bromobutane [pic] †¢ Answer the question in footnote 3 below. The primary purpose of the sulfuric acid wash is to remove any unreacted 1-butanol. The acid protonates the OH group of the alcohol, converting it into its conjugate acid and increasing its solubility in the aqueous acid wash solution significantly. Why ? Butanol is protonated so then for sure it is more soluble in H2O and also is ionic. †¢ T-butyl bromide (2-bromo-2-methylpropane) can be prepared by simply taking t-butyl alcohol and shaking it with an aq solution HBr at room temperature. The reaction is much faster than with n-butyl alcohol and is essentially 100% complete within a few minutes. Give a mechanism for this reaction. What is this type of reaction called. (CH3)C-OH + HBr ===gt; (CH3)3C-OH2(+) + Br- CH3)3C-OH2(+) ===gt; (CH3)3C(+) + H2O (CH3)3C(+) + Br- ===gt; (CH3)3C-Br It is called the SN1 reaction. The great stability of the (CH3)C(+) ion accelerates the reaction. †¢ Remembering that SN2 reactions go with 100% inversion of configuration, while SN1 reactions lead to racemization, explain why the reaction of  ®-2butanol as in this experiment gives a mixture of about 75% (S)-2-bromobutane and about 25%  ®-2-bromobutane Ionizaton of optically pure alkyl halide/alcohols molecule leads to the planar, achiral or symmetrical carbocation with an empty p-orbital perpendicular to the plane. Addition of the nucleophile can take place at both sides of the carbocation with equal ease owing to the symmetry of carbocation, resulting in mixture, equal amounts of R and S. But in actual practice, depending on the nature of substrate, solvent and leaving group, there may be a preferred side for its attack by nucleophile, in resulting of a product that automatically will contain different amounts of the two enantiomers, for then to yield optically active product.

Black People and American Dominant Culture free essay sample

A sign is anything that could be used to stand for something else. The two parts are a recognizable signifier (form that the sign takes) with a signified (the concept that it represents) 2. According to Howard Zinn, whose voices are the ones often neglected by/ left out of history? * The voices left out are done by those who are not popular, the common man. 3. Zinn discussed the language used in the Declaration of Independence, and that used in the United States Constitution to describe the rights to which everyone is entitled. How do they differ and what greater conflict does this discrepancy represent? * ‘Our people are basically decent and caring, and our highest ideals are expressed in the Declaration of Independence, which says all of us have an equal right to â€Å"life liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. †Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ * The America that we â€Å"know is a country that had slavery and still has racism, had a president who was seen as a hero who loved war and 4. We will write a custom essay sample on Black People and American Dominant Culture or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Describe Ronald Takaki calls the â€Å"Master Narrative† of American history. What two assumptions does this version of American history rely upon, and what problems does this pose for the study of America’s history and contemporary understandings of who/what is American? * Master narrative: the â€Å"power and popular but inaccurate story† declaring that â€Å"our country was settled by European immigrants, and Americans are white. † * A filter through which we learn history * Leaves out all the other cultures that live in America 5. How does James Hoopes define oral history vs. oral tradition? Does American dominant culture have a strong oral tradition? Why/why not? Oral history: documents collected by tape recorder. Used by social scientists in â€Å"participant observation† studies * Oral tradition: Usual name for verbal stories passed on from one generation to the next 6. What are the strengths/advantages of oral history as a methodology? What are the limitation/weaknesses of oral history? How can these limitations/weaknesses b e supported? * Strengths: it can find the point of view of the people who originally had no voice before. It can be used to find more details that may otherwise prove what is traditionally taught as wrong or different. Can be used to make documentation stronger * Weaknesses: Memory is fallible, needs documentation to provide validity, people may lie, bias, only living people, reluctance 7. What group of people was the subject of study in Boots of Leather, Slippers of Gold? Why do the authors argue it was important to study these women? Were they part of a political movement? In what way(s) did they contribute to social change in the U. S.? * Subject of study: Working class lesbians from the mid-1930’s to the early 1960’s in Buffalo, New York * The focus revealed the centrality of butch-fem roles Women’s openness about their lesbianism was crucial not only to the communities they helped form in their own time but to all lesbian communities which they have provided a model for that have emerged since. * They even go so far as to posit that these older lesbians and their lives constitute a prepolitical stage of the 1970’s gay rights movement. 8. What kinds of challenges did the women in Storming Caesars Palace face growing up in the South? What was the name of the organization that they created and ran together? What kinds of services were they able to make available to residents on the west side of Las Vegas? The women faced racism, discrimination, lack of jobs, welfare, income, fathers leaving, marriages failing. Women saw marrying early as a way to get out of this but turned out to be wrong. The organization that they created was called Operation Life which created community programs that included a medical center, library, senior citizen housing and daycare. 9. What stereotypes are often associated with those who collect welfare? When welfare was created, who did it primarily benefit? Who was excluded from receiving benefits? Stereotypes are often associated with poor people, have kids only for more welfare, lazy, can’t find work, too lazy to find work. Cheating the system, getting paid too much. â€Å"driving Cadillacs†, too many kids * Black women were denied birth control, doctors encouraged black women to have sex at a young age * When it was created it primarily benefited the white community (white widows and orphans) *social security and unemployment: excluded domes tic work and agricultural) * Blacks were denied welfare (Domestic work and agricultural work) most black women ended up doing those jobs. According to the film Crips and Bloods: Made in America, how have Black men typically been characterized in American dominant culture? How is this reflected by the proportion of Black men in America who end up jailed/imprisoned during their lifetimes? How did those we heard from in the film characterize the penitentiary system and law enforcement efforts to wage a â€Å"war on drugs/crime? † * Black men are typically characterized in American dominant culture as having a tendency to do crime and that the life they live is the life they chose and want. 1 in 4 black men are incarcerated in their lifetimes in the area. However this isn’t the life that they chose for themselves. The life that the white people, law enforcement has placed upon them forced them into the life that they were trying to avoid. * They said that the â€Å"war on drugs/crime† ended up being a war on black people 11. According to the film, what factors contributed to these rise of urban street gangs in Los Angeles? What kinds of opportunities were not available to young people in these neighborhoods?

Christian De Pizan

Christian De Pizan Free Online Research Papers According to Christine de Pizan, a chaste woman deserves protection against rape. The consequence of creating a class of chaste women is empowerment for females in two ways. First, it takes away the feeling of being a second class citizen. By recognizing the value of their bodies, women develop self confidence and are able to take better care of themselves. Secondly, it makes the men realize that the women are of more value. So it changes the dynamic between males and females. Despite the category of â€Å"chaste women†, Tarquin the Proud’s power was reinforced by the fact that the chaste woman’s power lied in the public perception of her chastity. During the rape Lucretia felt great pain and suffering. After the rape the pain and suffering felt by Lucretia was so great that she decided to kill herself. Only the higher economic class women practiced chastity. Therefore, it became more noble and a sign of wealth and propriety. The division of women into chaste and unchaste categories has continuing social and legal vitality because after Lucretia’s death a law was put into effect banning rape in Rome. But, the law was only in effect for chaste women. Christine de Pizan confuses love with lust. In the reading, Tarquin is stated to have love for Lucretia yet would not tell her due to her chastity. Since love has nothing to do with chastity, this illustrates the blurring of the line between love and lust. While most people would not label Tarquin’s actions as loving, de Pizan shows Tarquin’s â€Å"by any means necessary† approach as the highest form of love. Lucretia’s behavior and status is what defines the rape in this story. Being that the social order in Rome called for wealthy women to be chaste, it magnifies the act that much more. If Lucretia was a peasant it would not have been considered rape due to the fact that sex was common for unchaste women. Men use the stereotype of fragility and inconstancy through the philosophy that women must be protected but at the same time can be used at our sexual inclination. Therefore, it is a means of control for the men yet a matter taking advantage of their authority. In the reading, de Pizan reinforces the stereotype by Lucretia being used for sex by Tarquin and at the same time running to her father, brother and husband for help. She used all of the male figures in her life as a means of solving her personal problem. Lurcetia does not fix the problem herself. This shows that de Pizan equates men with strength both physically and emotionally. De Pizan uses class status to prove the worthiness of men by showing only the wealthy women as being worthy of being chaste. Since she equates chastity with love it shows that only wealthy women are worthy of emotional companionship. The duplicity of men is illustrated by the actions of Tarquin and Lucretia’s father and husband. While Tarquin was after sexual relations with Lucretia, the father and husband were their as comforters and protectors. Research Papers on Christian De PizanThe Fifth HorsemanPersonal Experience with Teen PregnancyInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married MalesCapital PunishmentAnalysis Of A Cosmetics Advertisement19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraResearch Process Part OneHonest Iagos Truth through DeceptionHip-Hop is ArtMarketing of Lifeboy Soap A Unilever Product

Ratio analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Ratio analysis - Essay Example Financial ratio has its advantages to the company and the customers in equal or less gravity. In an article of transoceanic financial ratio analysis, it is easy for customer to look how the stocks look like. Customer will find it easy to evaluate the company-using price to earnings ratio. Such metric valuation uses the wisdom that that nonoperational aspects of the company such as asset impairment can affect earnings per share (Xiao, 2014).With this valuation, the company and customer can make advised decisions while investing or rectifying the areas of problem. Financial ratio analysis is also advantageous in that it is easy to come up with the components of returns. Such returns include pre-taxed interest and the pre-taxed margin. The two are the core profitability of the company before interest and the taxes. The higher margins show better prospects of the company. Another component of return is the assets turnover. Asset turnover is the revenue generated for the expenses of the assets (Xiao, 2014). In the Transoceanic financial ratio analysis article, it has a higher number indicating it is efficient in using its assets. On the disadvantages side, financial ratio analysis has couple of demerits. First and foremost, the financial ratio analysis cannot be used singularly or standalone method. They must be used hand in hand with an aggregate economy. The full economic cycle must be factored in, during analysis. Secondly, inflation can badly bloat the company’s balance sheet. On such scenario, the profit of the company will be affected in a bad fashion. In the long run of the financial analysis, the judgment will be will be interrupted on the patches where inflation infiltrated the company’s balance sheet. Financial analysis thus has its advantage and

Policies of Sustainable Development Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Policies of Sustainable Development - Essay Example As the paper stressesthe Nepal’s policy principles entail varying aspects that are all aimed at various different aspects. First, the Nepal water policy is decentralized with the minor policies contributing to the major policy but not contradicting the major policy. The Nepal Water Resource conservation strategies have the objective of sustainability, and the only way Nepal aims to sustain the existence of their water resources is by allowing participatory leadership in the policies involving water services. This case study has noted Nepal as a nation with sustainable policies regarding the use of water resources. In most cases, policies that cover wider geographic areas have a huge probability of failures. The United Nations World Commission on Environment and Development (WCED) policies, for instance, cover most nations of the world. What the United Nations World Commission on Environment and Development does not understand is that even though globalization has brought a great similarity to the way people undertake tasks, people rarely detach themselves from their own cultures. The use of water resources is considered as a diverse aspect of many cultures. It is therefore effective to create policies that are relevant to the target population.  The major source of electric power as of today in the United States is water.   It is, therefore, inevitable that major policies had to be enacted to protect the huge number of American citizens from running out of this precious resource.     

Central Bank and Monetary Policy Research Paper

Central Bank and Monetary Policy - Research Paper Example This paper deals with central bank objectives, instruments and theory behind them. Five objectives of central banks will be described and discussed. Central banks’ objectives are price stability, stable real growth, financial stability, and interest rate and exchange stability. Then, direct and indirect tools of monetary policy will be described and discussed. Direct tools affect directly the economic agents (Alexander et al., 1996, p.14). Indirect tools affect bank reserves (Alexander et al., 1996, p.14). Direct instruments are: interest rate controls, credit ceilings, and directed lending to the authorities (Alexander et al., 1996, p.14). Indirect instruments are open market operations, reserve requirements, and central bank lending facilities (Alexander et al., 1996, p.14). Advantages and disadvantages of both will be discussed. It will be described how the central banks control the economy through money supply and how price stability is related to other objectives of centr al banks, but only as long as money supply can be controlled by the central bank. Finally, United Arab Emirates (UAE) will be shortly analyzed and the performance of their central bank will be discussed. It will be shown that the central bank of UAE’s focus is on exchange rate and economic stability. Since the UAE dirham is pegged to the US dollar, inflation cannot be controlled by the central bank of UAE as its monetary policy is restrained by the peg. Instead, it depends on the inflation in the USA, since the USA is free to adjust its monetary policy. ... Today, they service both, the governments and the commercial banks (Cechetti & Schoenholtz, 2011, Chapter 15). By 2011, there were around 170 central banks in the world (Cechetti & Schoenholtz, 2011, Chapter 15). Though central banks around the world nowadays do not all have the same objectives, most share certain characteristics. They are in charge of monetary policy as the government’s bank (Cechetti & Schoenholtz, 2011, Chapter 15). In countries where the central bank is largely independent to determine the interest rate on its own, the goals toward which the monetary policy should be used are independent of political events. Central banks’ goals are following: price stability, stable real growth, financial stability, interest rate and exchange stability. Each will be shortly discussed with regard to its importance for the central bank and the wider economy. Stable real growth is an objective of some central banks. A central bank can through independence from politic al processes and a consistent policy promotes economic stability and decreases uncertainty and fluctuations in economic growth rates (Cechetti & Schoenholtz, 2011, Chapter 15). A central bank may insulate an economy from business cycles through independence by ensuring the long – run growth potential is promoted, so that fluctuations in growth rates do not occur, or are minimized (Cechetti & Schoenholtz, 2011, Chapter 15). The long – run growth potential is determined by factors such as capital stock, the size of the capital stock and labor force size (Cechetti & Schoenholtz, 2011, Chapter 15). However, active monetary policy is no longer favored by most central banks. Since effects of

Causes and Effects of Climate Change Essay

Causes and Effects of Climate Change Essay The earth climates nowadays is changing very rapidly and differently. Besides that, the climate changes in our earth are affecting our lives psychologically, physically and emotionally. What is climate change? Climate change is the seasonal changes for a long period of time in the world. These climate patterns play an important role in shaping natural ecosystems, and the human economies and cultures that depend on them. For example, the changes in climate can affect how people, plants and animal live, such as food production and health risks. As the earths climate is dynamic and always changing through a natural cycle, the world is now worried about the changes that occurring today have been speeding up and seriously affecting humans lives. All across the world, people are taking action to prevent climate change. For example, in 2007, scientists from the International Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) predicted that warming oceans and melting glaciers due to global warming and climate c hange could cause sea levels to rise 7-23 inches by the year 2100. So, some islands and some small countries will be flooded by the sea water and even disappeared very soon. Because of this, we must take action as soon as possible to try to solve this problem or to prevent the more serious of climate changes occur. Im interested in this topic because the climate changes in our country or this world are too serious and its interesting to discuss and try to fix the problem. However, what are the causes and effects of climate changes that affecting our lives and environment? There are two main causes of climate changes natural causes and human activities. Natural causes have influenced the earths climates such as volcanic eruptions, ocean current, the earths orbital changes and solar variations. The eruptions of volcanoes cause a cooling effect on the earth. When a volcano erupts it throws out large volumes of sulphur dioxide (SO2), water vapour, dust, and ash into the atmosphere. The volcano eruptions will affect the climatic pattern for years although the eruptions occur in a few days. The sulphur dioxide gas will reach the upper level of the atmosphere. The tiny particles, dusts and ashes will block the incoming sun rays and this will leads to cooling at the atmosphere. This is because the bouncing of sunlight to the space is cooling the atmosphere of the earth. Furthermore, ocean current is one of the natural cause that affecting climate changes. The ocean is the major component of the climate system. The oceans cover about 71% of the earth and absorb about twice as much of the suns radiation as the atmosphere or the land surface. Winds push horizontally against the sea surface and drive ocean current patterns. Besides that, the oceans also play an important role of the concentration of carbon dioxide. The changes in ocean circulation will affect the climate through the movement of carbon dioxide into or out of the atmosphere. Moreover, another cause that affects climate changes is the earths orbital changes. The earth makes one full orbit around the sun every year. If there is no tilt we will not experience seasons. Changes in the tilt of the earth can affect the severity of the seasons. For example, if there is more tilt means we will experience warmer summers and colder winters and if there is less tilt means we will experience cooler su mmers and milder winters. Another main cause that leads to climate changes is human activities. From the 19th century, the Industrial Revolution saw the large-scale use of fossil fuels for industrial activities. Therefore, they created many jobs for the people. And many people moved from rural areas to cities. Many vegetation areas were cleared to become houses or factories for industries. Natural resources are being used extensively for construction, industries, transport, and consumption. All this has contributed to the rises of greenhouse gases such as methane and nitrous oxide in the atmosphere. Human is generating industries factories and houses, and running the vehicles that used many fossil fuels such as coal, oil and natural gases. These uses of fossil fuel will leads to climate changes. Global climate change is caused by the fertiliser that used for agricultures. The result of microbial action in the soil, these chemical will release nitrous oxide. Besides that, the emission of methane and carbon dio xide will also affect climate changes. In addition, the increasing of agriculture is also caused by the increasing of human population in the world. All the causes are giving a great impact for climate changes in our earth. What are the consequences of these causes for the climate changes to our world? We can see that there are three main effects on climate changes in our environment. Firstly, climate change in the world will affects human health. There are so many past researches showed that climate change will leads to human health and producing diseases. For example, in the research paper by Healey et al., 2010 that I have read said that the climate change is affecting the health of northern people such as Nunavut, Canada. Besides that, Cecchi et al. (2010) have conducted the research on the effects of climate change on allergic asthma. Moreover, Mickley, 2007 stated that high levels of surface ozone and particles have been implicated in many diseases involving the cardiac and respiratory systems. These researches showed that the climate changes are seriously affecting the humans health. Secondly, climate changes will also affect the biodiversity. Biodiversity is very important for the plants and animals to maintain their habitat and ecosystem. The climate changes have impacted the loss of biodiversity. For example, the water sources may change, the food chain may destroy and the medicine sources may change. In addition, the marine ecosystem will be affected not only by an increase in sea temperature but also ocean acidification, which increases the vulnerability of fragile ecosystems such as coral reefs. Furthermore, climate changes also will affect humans mind and behaviour psychologically. Climate changes will affect humans behaviour such as consumption, energy use and population growth. Besides that, climate changes also impact psychosocial and mental health including stress, guilty, anxiety to adapt and cope with the new changing weathers. The climate changes will cause the increase of social disorder such as post traumatic disorder, suicide, stress, abuse, violence and anxiety. Therefore, climate changes will be giving a great impact on the humans psychological lives. Discussion As we can see how the causes and effects of climate changes that occur in our world and this topic was concerned by the worldwide. So, what are the solutions and method that we can prevent climate changes or solve the problems that we are having now? Actually there are some solutions that our government, community and society can do. Firstly, the government can help the communities and businesses to reduce deforestation, plant new trees in the forest and empty land, earn sustainable livelihoods and adapt to changing climatic conditions. Next, teachers in lecturers in schools and colleges must give the knowledge of how to protect our earth from the very young age of the children and students. One of the reasons that caused the climate changes is the emission of carbon dioxide from the vehicles. Therefore, we can reduce the uses of vehicles and car-pooling in our daily lives. Besides that, at home, we can switch our light bulbs to energy efficient bulbs and turn off the light when we a re not using it or after using it. Conclusion As a conclusion, we can see there are many effects of climate changes that seriously affecting our environment, health and biodiversities. If we still have not take any actions to prevent the climate changes, our mother earth will be become sick more seriously. Furthermore, when the deforestation continuing occurs, there will be having many different consequences to our environment. Climate changes will also leads to psychological problem such as post traumatic disorder, stress, anxiety and violence among the communities. So, to protect our environment and give our next generation to have a better place to stay, we must always know how to prevent the climate changes such as stop cutting off the trees, save energy, car-pooling, etc. Therefore, let us together to protect and love our beautiful mother earth that given by God and try to keep her healthy as long as we can.

A Defense Of Individualism Based On Foydor Dostoevskys Novel:notes F E

Fyodor Dostoevsky's novel, NOTES FROM THE UNDERGROUND, has held many labels, such as being a case history of nuerosis or a specimen of modern tragedy. The most popular label it has obtained however, is being the author's defense of individualism. The novel is writen as a performance, part triad, part memoir, by a nameless personage who claims to be writing for hiomself but consistently maipulates the reader--of whom he is morbidly aware-- to the point where there seems to be no judgement the reader can make which has not already been made by the writer himself. The underground man is represenative as a product of individaul pathology or a biographical accident. He is "one of the characters of our recent past," part of a generation that is living out its days among us. Internal eveidence makes it clear that his generation is of the 1840s. He shows the fate of the isolated petty clerk and Dostoevkian dreamer twenty years after, surveying his wasted life in the new spiritual climate of the 1860s and at the same time finding justification for his own grotesque being in the simplistic views of the human nature now current. IN the first part of the novel, the underground man describes himself and his views, and attempts, as it were, to clarify the reasons why he appeared and is bound in our midst. The mention of his self and his views raise thequestion of how the two are related. Are we to understand his views as the product of his wasted life or independently? There...

Management and Entrepreneurship Development

National Institute for Small Industries Extension Training (NISIET) Training Institutions / Centres India National Institute of Small Industry Extension Training (nisiet) (An organisation of the Ministry of SSI, Govt. of India) Yousufguda, HYDERABAD- 500 045 (INDIA) Phone: +91-40-23608544-218 / 23608316-217 Fax: +91-40-23608547 / 23608956 / 23541260 Cable: SIETINSTITUTE, Hyderabad Website: www. nisiet. org | www. nisiet. gov. in | www. nisiet. com Welcome to ni-msme Golden Jubilee Year 2012 50 Years in Service of MSME (1962- 2012) Shri Vayalar Ravi Honorable Minister i-msme, since its inception in 1960 by the Government of India, has taken gigantic strides to become the premier institution for the promotion, development and modernization of the SME sector. An autonomous arm of the Ministry of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs), the Institute strives to achieve its avowed objectives through a gamut of operations ranging from training, consultancy, research and education, to e xtension and information services. A Centre of Excellence It was in 1984 that the UNIDO had recognized SIET as an institute of meritorious performance under its Centres of Excellence Scheme to extend aid.Subsequently, it was also accorded national status and SIET Institute became nisiet in the same year. To cope with the precut of globalization, the Government of India has enacted Micro, Small, Medium Enterprises Development (MSMED) Bill in the Parliament which was commenced on 2nd October 2006. Accordingly, the institute also has emerged as an apex organisation by changing its structure as well as name as ni-msme from 11th April 2007. Our Charter The primary objective was to be the trainer of trainers. Today, with the technological development and ever-changing market scenario, our involvement has undergone changes too.From being merely trainers we have widened our scope of activities to consultancy, research, extension and information services. The arrival of IT has only broadened our horizons. The Leap Forward †¢ Dramatic increase in long-term and diploma programmes. †¢Turning new corners in Information Technology. †¢Spotlighting of topical issues through conferences, seminars, etc. †¢Greater attention to need based programmes. †¢Shift towards client driven approach and innovative interventions. †¢Programme evaluation. †¢Emphasis on research publications.SEDME (Small Enterprises Development, Management, Extension) Journal SEDME Journal breathed its first in 1974, when the academic community of the institute felt the need for a forum through which they could express and exchange their thoughts and opinions on small enterprise related policies, programmes, etc. Since then, it has evolved into a healthy journal of acknowledged quality in the domain of small enterprise, attracting contributors and users not only from every corner of the country but also from other developing as well as developed countries.SEDME Journal has bee n bringing out exclusive theme focussed numbers (IPR, EDP, Rural Industrialisation, Finance, etc. ) and is widely sought after by researchers, practitioners and promotional bodies concerned with small enterprise one way or the other. The editorial team of Journal take pride in stating that during the massive quarter century of the Journal’s existence, it has been a sui generis journal dedicated to small enterprise, and continues to maintain that premier position. The annual inland subscription for Journal is Rs. 600 and the overseas subscription is US $ 150.In case of desiring airmail or speed post delivery, US $ 20 may be added. For further information regarding Journal, please contact: Editor SEDME Journal, ni-msme. Yousufguda. Hyderabad 500045, India. Editor : V Vishwas Rao Annual subscription : Rs. 600 (India), US $ 150 (Foreign) Contributors Contributors to SEDME Journal include policy makers, researchers, academicians, financiers, executives and other officials associat ed with MSME promotional activities. A random selection from the back volumes would show contributors from countries as far apart as Bangladessh, Canada, Korea, UK and Iran.Contributors interested in publishing their articles in SEDME Journal may please note the following 1. Please ensure that the articles are analytically perceptive or empirically elucidative, at least 2000 words in length, typed in double space on one side only, and are sent in duplicate. 2. In cases where the article is sent in a floppy disk or through e-mail, please ensure that the article comes through as a file attachment in Microsoft Word, that the file name(s) are given for all parts of the article, and one hard copy is sent through regular mail. . Please check that the sources are clearly cited for all the ideas, concepts, graphics and other information, and that the citations are complete in all respects. This helps avoid processing delays. 4. Please enclose a declaration stating that the article is your o riginal effort prepared for SEDME Journal and has not been published or pending publication in any other periodical/newspaper/magazine, etc. , signed by all the authors. 5. The copyright of the selected articles shall rest with SEDME Journal. 6.Articles which are sent for theme specials, and not included therein, may be published later, in due course. Forging Ahead Over the years the Institute has gained immense experience and expertise in the areas of entrepreneurship development, technology, management, extension and information services. ni-msme’s inherent capacity to innovate together with its top-class infrastructure has enabled the institute to excel in its endeavours towards micro and small enterprise promotion. From the time of inception, ni-msme has been providing unstintied support to small and medium ndustries and has evolved to be the best in offering services like research, consultancy, information, training and extension to not only enterprises but also to conce rned development agencies. The knowledge driven and volatile economy of the present days is posing greater challenges to MSMEs. Further, globalisation is threatening the survival of MSMEs in the face of tough competition. ni-msme has always been conceiving specialised need-based programmes, workshops and seminars in tune with the changing policy and economic situation.These activities have been primarily aimed at the industry and supporting systems so as to enable them to deal with aspects that directly or indirectly affect the success of enterprise. In the present era of globalisation, ni-msme’s programmes are designed to have universal relevance. Through these specialised programmes, ni-msmehas been successfully training the entrepreneurs to face challenges; help them cope with competition; and gain the much-needed competitive edge in the global scenario. ni-msme has broken geographical barriers by extending its expertise and services to other developing and developed natio ns. i-msme has had profitable interface with several international agencies like CFTC (Commonwealth Fund for Technical Co-operation), UNESCO (United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organisation), UNDP (United Nations Development Programme), Ford Foundation, GTZ of Germany, USAID (United States Agency for International Development), and ILO (International Labour Organisation), to name a few. Achievements Spectrum †¢Conducted a Pioneering Research Study in Achievement Motivation in association with Prof. David McClelland’s Kakinada Experiment (1964). Organised the First Executive Laboratory in India (1964) . †¢Conducted the First International Training Programme in SME Development (1967). †¢Developed the Concept of Appropriate Technologies in Indian Industry (1969). †¢Established a Specialised Information Centre, the Small Enterprises National Documentation Centre (SENDOC) (1971). †¢Assisted The Tanzanian Government in Establishing a SIDO (1 974). †¢Established a Branch Regional Centre at Guwahati (1979). †¢Attained National Status and Renamed as National Institute of Small Industry Extension Training (nisiet) (1984). Prepared Case Studies and Video Documentaries on S&T Entreprenuers (1986). †¢Developed The First Computerised Software Package on Simulation Exercises for Small Industry Management (SIMSIM) (1987); Project Appraisal and Evaluation (CAPE) (1996). †¢UNESCO Chair (1997). †¢Achieved Self – sufficiency (2001-02). †¢B2B Transactions with Uganda, Namibia, South Africa, Bhutan, Nigeria, Sudan, Cameroon and Ghana (2000 – 2007). †¢National workshop on MSME Cluster Development conducted in New Delhi (2008). †¢International Programmes for Bank of Ghana (2006-08); All-time record of 28 international Executive Development Programmes, 5 of them specially for African countries (2007-08) †¢Outreach programme for African women executives as a fore-runner to India-Af rica Forum Summit (2008) †¢International Programmes for Bangladesh Small & Cottage Industries Corporation (BSCIC) (2008-09) Organisation Spectrum Functional Spectrum Pioneer Training Programmes ni-msme has initiated several specialised and tailor-made training programmes, the first of their kind in the cream of MSME. A few of them are †¢Management Development Programmes. †¢Programme on Area Development. †¢Programme on Feasibility Survey and Analysis. Programme on Industrial Estates. †¢Programme for Young Engineers and Technocrats. †¢Vertically Integrated Course on Orientation through Small Industry Development for IAS / IES Officers. †¢Effective Development Programmes for Rationalised Employees of State and Central PSUs. †¢Exclusive Programmes for International Executives of Various Themes on Regular Basis. †¢Enterprise Development and Government Effectiveness (EDGE) Programme for Srilankan Administrative Officials. †¢Sensitivity Tra ining in Production Planning and Control. †¢Faculty Development Programmes. †¢Programmes on Cluster Development. †¢Programmes on Cluster Development. Programmes on Focused Themes for Executives of North E Outstanding Research and Consultancy Studies ni-msme has been instrumental in conducting several outstanding research / consultancy studies that include. †¢Development of Pochampad Region (1972). †¢Identification of Growth Centres in Vidharbha Region (1973). †¢Industrial Potential Studies of Different Regions in the Country (since 1974). †¢Impact / Evaluation Studies on Major Government Programmes and Schemes such as TYRSEM, DWCRA, PMRY, SEEUY, CMEY, ADARANA, IIDs, SHGs, WDCs, Development Commissioner (Handlooms), Development Commissioner (Handicrafts), and NBCFDC. Policy Research Studies (since 1978). †¢Preparation of Check-list for Diagnosis of Sick Units and Case Studies (from 1981). †¢District Development and Regional Planning Studie s. †¢Techno-economic Feasibility Studies in Textiles and Handicrafts Sector of Arunachal Pradesh (2001). †¢Study on Identification of Projects for Specific Resource Base in Northeastern Region (2003). †¢Vision Document for Empowering Women in Mauritius (2003). †¢Project Profiles on SMEs for Mauritius (2004). †¢Information Requirements of SMEs (2005). †¢Hand-holding, Monitoring, Implementation of MSME Clusters (2004-07). Hand-holding of SFURTI, Handlooms, Handicrafts Clusters (2006 onwards). †¢Evaluation Study of Ongoing Schemes of NBCFDC in the State of Tamilnadu (2008) †¢Evaluation of NBCFDC Schemes in the Union Territory of Puducherry, Goa and Kerala (2009-10) †¢Evaluation of the Functioning of Innovative and Experimental Programmes on Schools run by Bhagavatula Charitable Trust (BCT) under Rajiv Vidhya Mission, Andhra Pradesh in Visakhapatnam District (2009-10) †¢Evaluation Study for Bringing More Effectiveness in Implementation o f the Schemes under AHVY sponsored by the Office of Development Commissioner (Handicrafts), Ministry of Textiles, Govt. f India, New Delhi (2009-10) †¢Preparation of Training Modules for Ministry of Housing & Urban Poverty Alleviation, Govt. of India (2009-10) †¢Execution of Research Studies Sponsored by the Ministry of Housing & Urban Poverty Alleviation, Govt. of India (2009-10) Excellence Our Forte ni-msme has made many memorable contributions to enterprise development both nationally and internationally. MSMEs and executives from all over the world have been taking the advantage of the programmes, workshops and seminars on contemporary themes organised at ni-msme.Some of the Institutes cornerstone interventions like the first international programme (1967) conducted with assistance from UNIDO; Simulation Exercises for Small Industry Management (SIMSIM) (1987); the UNESCO Chair(1997) International Workshop in Promotion of Small and Medium Enterprises (PROSME) (1998); Ex port Production Villages (1999); Trade Related Development Programme for Women (TREAD) (2000); Entrepreneurship Development in the New Millennium (2001); Training of Mothers of Child Labour in Income Generation Skills Under Child Labour Eradication Project by ILO (2001); B2B Transactions with Uganda, Namibia, South Africa, Bhutan, Nigeria , Sudan, Ghana, reflect the national and international acclaim. nimsme has gained through its excellence and commitment, by blending the best of the traditional with the smart, modern day techniques, world-class facilities and continuously exploring and inventing custom-based methodologies. ni-msme is not a mere solutions provider but is evolving as a value-added partner. The infrastructure and facilities at the ni-msme campus are at par with international standards.They reflect the natural excellence that qualifies every activity and attribute of the Institute. ni-msme has embraced technology in all its functions to keep pace with the tenor of the times and to make its services more efficient. State-of-the-art facilities, pleasant environs, proven methodologies supported by modern academic infrastructure, experienced faculty, expert consultants and resource persons and above all, decades of experience complemented by a modern and creative outlook, have given a new definition to the standard of services provided by the Institute. It is now recognised as being among the best training, research and extension facilities in the world. Members of Governing Council S. No. Name and Address Hon’ble Minister of MSME Government of India Udyog Bhavan, New Delhi 110 011Chairman 2Secretary to the Government of India Ministry of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises Government of India Udyog Bhavan, New Delhi 110 011Vice-Chairman 3Additional Secretary & Development Commissioner (MSME) Ministry of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises Government of India, Nirman Bhavan, Moulana Azad Road, New Delhi 110 011Member 4Additional Secretary & F inancial Adviser, Ministry of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises Government of India Udyog Bhavan, New Delhi 110 011Member 5Joint Secretary (Administration) Ministry of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises Government of IndiaUdyog Bhavan, New Delhi 110 011Member 6Joint Secretary (Agro & Rural Industries) Ministry of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises Government of India Udyog Bhavan, New Delhi 110 011Member 7Chairman, Coir Board Coir House, M. G. Road Ernakulam, Kochi – 682 016, KeralaMember 8Chairman & Managing Director Small Industries Development Bank of India (SIDBI) SIDBI Tower, 15, Ashok Marg, Lucknow – 226001Member 9Chief Executive Officer Khadi & Village Industries Commission Gramodaya, 3, Irla Road, Vile Parle (West) Mumbai 400 056Member 10Chairman and Managing Director The National Small Industries Corporation (NSIC) NSIC Bhawan, Okhla Industrial Estate New Delhi – 110 020Member 1Director Entrepreneurship Development Institute of India (Via Ahmedabad Airport & Indira Bridge) P. O. Bhat 382 428, Dist. Gandhinagar, GujaratMember 12The Director General In-chargeNational Institute of Micro, small and Medium Enterprises (ni-msme) Yousufguda, Hyderabad – 500 045Member-Secretary Members of Executive Committee S. No. Name and Address 1Secretary to the Government of IndiaMinistry of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises Government of India Udyog Bhavan, New Delhi 110 011Chairman 2Additional Secretary & Development Commissioner (MSME)Ministry of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises Government of India Nirman Bhavan, Moulana Azad RoadNew Delhi 110 011Vice-Chairman 3Additional Secretary & Financial AdviserMinistry of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises Government of India Udyog Bhavan, New Delhi 110 011Member 4Joint Secretary to the Government of IndiaMinistry of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises Government of India Udyog Bhavan, New Delhi 110 011Member 5Joint Secretary (Agro & Rural Industries)Ministry of Micro, Small and Medium Ente rprises Government of India Udyog Bhavan, New Delhi 110 011Member 6The Director General In-charge National Institute of Micro, small and Medium Enterprises (ni-msme) Yousufguda, Hyderabad – 500 045Member-Secretary Our Clientele International Organizations UNESCO †¢UNDP †¢Ford Foundation †¢GTZ †¢USAID †¢UNIDO †¢ILO †¢RITES †¢BSIC †¢CFTC †¢Agricultural Development Projects of Nigera †¢SIDO of Tanzania †¢Bank of Ghana, ARB Apex Central Government Ministries/ Departments Ministry of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises †¢DC (MSME) †¢KVIC †¢Coir Board †¢NSIC Ministry of Heavy Industries and Public Enterprises †¢Department of Public Enterprises Ministry of Development of North Eastern Region †¢DONER †¢North Eastern Council †¢North East Development Finance Corporation †¢North East Handicrafts and Handlooms Development Corporation Ministry of Food Processing Industries Ministry of External Affairs Ministry of Finance Department of Economic Affairs Ministry of Labour and Employment †¢Directorate General of Employment & Training (DGET) Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions †¢Department of Personnel and Training Ministry of Science and Technology †¢Department of Science and Technology †¢Department of Scientific and Industrial Research (DSIR) †¢National S&T Entrepreneurship Development Board Ministry of Textiles †¢DC (Handlooms) †¢DC (Handicrafts) Ministry of Housing and Urban Poverty Alleviation †¢Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission †¢Swarna Jayanti Shahari Rozgar Yojana(SJSRY) Ministry of Rural Development †¢Department of Rural Development DRDA/ZPs Ministry of Defence †¢Directorate General of Quality Assurance †¢Directorate of Planning and Coordination †¢Department of Ex-Servicemen Welfare Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment †¢National Backward Classes Finan ce and Development Corporation (NBCFDC) †¢National Scheduled Castes Finance and Development Corporation (NSCFDC) Ministry of Women and Child Development †¢Department of Women and Child Development Ministry of Commerce and Industry †¢Department of Industrial Policy and Promotion †¢Department of Commerce †¢Directorate General of Foreign Trade Ministry of Planning †¢Planning Commission Ministry of Environment & Forests †¢Ozone cellMinistry of Statistics and Programme Implementation †¢MPLAD School of Enterprise Development (SED) It is one of the former scholastic/intellectual departments of ni-msme, continued with additional responsibilities in the globalised market environment. MSME development generally refers to facilitating progress in the economy and generation of employment by enhancing business development services, and establishing a conducive legal, regulatory and policy environment. In this context, the School of Enterprise Development [ SED] acts as a catalyst for dynamic, integrated change in Micro and Small Enterprise (MSE) sector, looking strategically and optimistically towards the future challenges.The activities of the SED include programme evaluation studies, research projects, feasibility studies, potential surveys, rural enterprise promotion, backward area development, infrastructure development programme and project implementation for central and state governments, that advances an innovative and enterprise growth in the global and national scenario. On the international front, the SED provides a bridge between theory and practice of small business and MSE development by guiding/training the executives of MSME in formulation, development, implementation and evaluation of various facets of enterprise policy, with a focus to make the MSE sector more competitive in the global economic scene.Besides imparting training to the officials, the experienced and well-known faculty of the school focus on economic sur veys in the nature of diagnosing the industrial potential, networking with national and international agencies, and other research studies pertaining to government programmes /schemes and impact studies. The School of Enterprise Development functions through Centre for Enterprise Planning and Development (C-EPD), Centre for Policy Research (C-PR), National Resource Centre for Cluster Development (NRCD), ni-msme NGO Network (N-Cube) and Economic Investigation and Statistical Cell (EISC) in the areas of Cluster development, Employment Generation, and establishing synergy with related departments, which of late became the centres of excellence through focused attention for holistic development.School of Entrepreneurship and Extension (SEE) The school of Entrepreneurship and Extension is one of the crucial and premier wings of ni-msme. The main focus of the school is on training the Industrial Promotion Officers and Extension Officers on the entire gamut of entrepreneurship development. The greatest achievement of the school is the world famous Kakinada Experiment on Achievement Motivation conducted under the guidance of Prof. McClelland from Harvard University. The school also has the credit of developing SIET Integrated Model on entrepreneurship development which was used to train thousands of potential entrepreneurs from almost all states of India.Another noted achievement of the school is sensitivity training (laboratory for executive development. ) Currently the school activities include training of trainers in entrepreneurship development, curriculum development, skill development programmes, women entrepreneurship, counseling, motivating and retraining the voluntarily retired employees of State and Central PSUs and research projects. At the international level, the school takes up consultancy projects on setting up Entrepreneurship Development Institutes. It also organizes programmes on training Methods and Skills for Managers, Empowerment of Women through Enterprises and Capacity Building programmes for NGOs and Government personnel.Besides imparting training on Entrepreneurship Development, the school acts as a nodal agency in implementing Rajiv Gandhi Udhyami Mitra Yojana (RGUMY) scheme of the Ministry of MSME for providing handholding support to prospective entrepreneurs. Core Competencies †¢Entrepreneurship Development †¢Training of trainers in Entrepreneurship Development †¢Curriculum Development †¢Training Techniques †¢Women Empowerment †¢Retraining and Rehabilitation of VR employees †¢Evaluation of Government Programmes and Schemes on Entrepreneurship Development School of Enterprise Management (SEM) Genesis This is a well-established academic organ of ni-msme. There is a spate of changes sweeping the enterprises across the globe.The economic reforms within the country with the attendant consequences, ever increasing competition, both global and local, fast pace of technological changes and a host of other factors necessitate revolutionary reforms in the enterprise management practices. The practices clearly have to be cost-effective as well as simpler to adopt and adapt with the power to impinge all segments of the enterprise. This calls for a paradigm shift in raison d’etre of the enterprise itself. In tune with this, the erstwhile Industrial Management Division is re-engineered and re-christened as School of Enterprise Management (SEM) laying emphasis on management practices, intellectual property rights and management education. Core CompetenciesThe School is endowed with capabilities in the following areas and delivers through the instruments of training and consultancy, many a time customised to meet the requirements of client organisation, actively supported by research. The School functions with its full-fledged five centres viz. , Centre for Promotion of Advanced Management Practices (C-PAMP), Centre for Logistics & Integrated Materials Systems (C-LAIMS) , Centre for Industrial Credit and Financial Services (C-ICFS) and Centre for Intellectual Property Rights (C-IPR) and Centre for Environment Concerns (C-Eco). Marketing †¢market survey and demand analysis †¢exports, international trade and practices †¢industrial marketing †¢rural marketing †¢marketing of agri-inputsManagement Training Methodologies †¢role play †¢small group activities †¢in-plant studies †¢management cases †¢management simulations and games Productivity and Quality †¢ management of productivity †¢total quality management †¢Statistical quality control †¢ISO 9000/14000 †¢OHSAS †¢HACCP / Six Sigma Finance †¢human resource management †¢industrial relations †¢human resources and systems †¢ISO 9000/14000 †¢OHSAS †¢HACCP / Six Sigma Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs) †¢IP creation, commercialisation & management General Management †¢Benchmarking †¢B usiness Process Re-engineering †¢Japanese Management Practices †¢Performance contracts †¢Strategic management ClienteleThe clientele include both government and non-governmental organisations such as: †¢Corporate sector: PSUs and Private sector enterprises †¢Entrepreneurs and owner-managers of SMEs †¢Officials from ministries and departments of both central and state governments †¢Banks and financial institutions †¢Enterprise support agencies including VOs †¢International agencies In addition, student focused part-time post-graduate diploma programmes in areas like export management, TQM and ISO 9000 and human resource management and systems are conducted. This endeavour also serves the cause of continuing executive education. Co-working and Collaborations TSEM works synergistically with other centres of the institute to design and deliver value-laden content to the customers.It also networks with other national and international institut ions of good standing through collaborations to administer cost-effective, client-centred performance improvement capsules. The School also leverages the expertise available within different sectors of the economy to service sector-specific clients. Vision The School’s vision is to emerge and establish itself as a sui generis seat of learning in advanced management practices that enable promotion of performing enterprises. Mission The School envisages realisation of the above vision through its mission of promotion and propagation of advanced management practices that are low in cost of implementation, but are highly effective in results and cover all the activities of the enterprise.This is accomplished through undertaking the triadic activities of training, research and consultancy, both within the country and outside. Thus its charter mandates it to work towards enabling practices that are: †¢Enterprise-wide †¢Low cost †¢High impact Compass of Services and C onstellation of Benefits SEM offers a wide range of services in the form of training interventions, capacity building through management consultancy and other knowledge-based services through applied research. The tangible benefits, in addition to the many intangibles, that flows from our school are: †¢Productivity-driven cost leadership †¢Quality led competitiveness †¢Customer-coupled market share †¢Re-engineered organisational advantage Benchmark-based best practices School of Enterprise Information and Communication (SEIC) Genesis The School of Information and Communication (SEIC) is a well established unique knowledge hub of ni-msme in providing information services and ICT solutions through training to both the national and international MSME community. To strengthen the informational base of MSMEs in facing the global challenges led to the formation of School of Enterprise Information and Communication (SEIC) laying emphasis on providing information service s in varied forms and need based skill oriented Information Technology (IT) training using the latest technologies. Core competenciesThe school functions with its fully equipped sources of information and state-of-the-art infrastructure to meet the informational needs and ICT skill development training requirements of MSMEs, Government organisations, public and private sectors, NGOs, entrepreneurs, students, researchers etc. through its two Centres viz, Small Enterprises National Documentation Centre (SENDOC) and Centre for Communication and Information Technology (C-CIT). National WELCOME Presentation Director General, ni-msme Genesis Started as Central Industrial Extension Training Institute in New Delhi in 1960 on the recommendation of Working Group for III five year plan Shifted to Hyderabad in 1962 as a Government of India Society under the name Small Industry Extension Training (SIET) InstituteAttainment of National Status in 1984 and renamed as National Institute of Small Ind ustry Extension Training (nisiet) Emerged as a distinct institution for promotion of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) Renamed as National Institute for Micro, Small & Medium Enterprises (ni-msme) with enactment of MSMED Act,2006 Vision To become a global centre of excellence for creation, sustenance and growth of MSMEs Core Competency Enabling enterprise creation Capacity building for enterprise growth and sustainability Enhancing competitiveness under globalisation Creation, development and dissemination of enterprise knowledge Diagnostic and development studies for policy formulation Evaluation and impact studies for enterprise promotionEmpowering the underprivileged through enterprises Functional Spectrum Schools of Excellence School of Enterprise Development (SED) C-IPD: Centre for Industrial Planning and Development C-PR: Centre for Policy Research NRCD: National Resource Centre for Cluster Development EISC: Economic Investigation and Statistical Cell n-Cube: ni-msme – NGO – Network School of Enterprise Management (SEM) C-PAMP: Centre for Promotion of Advanced Management Practices C-ICFS: Centre for Industrial Credit and Financial Services C-IPR: Centre for Intellectual Property Rights C-LAIMS: Centre for Logistics and Integrated Materials Systems C-ECO: Centre for Environment Concerns Schools of ExcellenceSchool of Entrepreneurship & Extension (SEE) C-EIE: Centre for Entrepreneurship and Industrial Extension C-CC: Centre for Consultancy and Counseling WSC: Women’s Studies Cell EAC: Employee Assistance Cell School of Enterprise Information & Communication (SEIC) C-CIT: Centre for Communication and Information Technology SENDOC: Small Enterprises National Documentation Centre LPC: Live Projects Cell Members of Governing Council Union Minister of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises Chairman Secretary to the Govt. of India, Ministry of MSME Vice-Chairman Additional Secretary and Development Commissioner (MSME), Ministry of MSM E, GOI Member Additional Secretary and Financial Adviser,Ministry of MSME, GOI Member Joint Secretary, Ministry of MSME, GOI Member Joint Secretary, Ministry of MSME, GOI Member Chairman, Coir Board Member Chairman & Managing Director, SIDBI Member Chief Executive Officer, Khadi & Village Industries Commission (KVIC) Member Members of Governing Council Members of Governing Council Members of Executive Committee Secretary to the Government of India, Ministry of MSME, GOI Chairman Additional Secretary and DC (MSME), Ministry of MSME, GOI Vice-Chairman Additional Secretary and Financial Adviser, Ministry of MSME, GOI Member Joint Secretary to GOI, Ministry of MSME Member Joint Secretary to GOI, Ministry of MSME MemberRepresentative of a State level Association of micro and small enterprises Nominated Member Representative of an Association of micro and small women Entrepreneurs Nominated Member Representative of an academic or training institution dealing with management or entrepreneu rship development Nominated Member Director General of the Institute Member-Secretary Major Achievements Pioneering study that led to First Entrepreneurship Model First Sensitivity Training Laboratory- Ford Foundation First International Programme on small industry in the country Programme for Young Engineers for the first time in the country Establishment of SENDOC – A National Information Centre for SMEs Partnership with UNIDO – Industrial Estate & Regional Development Feasibility studies on modernisation of SSI First Study on identification of Growth Centres Major Achievements Establishing a Branch Regional Centre at GuwahatiAssisting in policy implication for establishing District Industries Centers Attainment of National status and renaming as National Institute of Small Industry Extension Training (nisiet) Prepared Case Studies and Video Documentary on Science and Technology Entrepreneurs Orientation on Small Industry Development for IAS Officers The First Comput erised Software Package Developed on Simulation Exercises for Small Industry Management (SIM SIM) Major Achievements UNESCO Chair on SSI Policy Enterprises Development and Government Effectiveness (EDGE) Programme for Srilankan Administrative Officials Refocusing Academic Centers in the place of departments B2B transactions with developing countriesCounseling, Retraining and Redeployment programmes for rationalised employees of CPSUs Little Angles Project sponsored by International Labour Organisation (ILO) on eradication of child labours Establishment of a center on Cluster Development (NRCD) Major Achievements Enhancing faculty competencies through international training and studies Started educational programmes Organised National Conference : Entrepreneurship in the New Millennium Attained self-sufficiency – 2001-02 Upgradation of Infrastructure services Policy Research Studies on various aspects of SMEs Entered into MoUs with International Agencies All time high income o f Rs. 1022. 76 lakh for the year 2006-07 Regrouping Centres & Cells under concept of School Renaming nisiet as ni-msme with effect from 11 April 2007 Major Research and Consultancy Projects (2001-08)Identification of Product/Resource-specific Business in Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland and Tripura Emergence of First Generation Women Entrepreneurs – An Exploratory Study Additional Income Opportunities to the Families of Child Labour – An ILO Project Study on Curriculum Models for Entrepreneurship Development under NEDB Scheme Diagnostic study of Crochet Lace Cluster at Narsapur, Andhra Pradesh Evaluation study of ongoing schemes of NBCFDC in Karnataka Evaluation of Micro Credit Schemes and Education Loan Schemes in Andhra Pradesh Major Research and Consultancy Projects (2001-08) Achieving self-sufficiency through ni-msme’s intervention for the societies of Girijan Cooperative Corporation Ltd. Andhra Pradesh Design of Project Profiles for SMEs in Mauritius for Small and Medium Industries Development Organisation (SMIDO), Mauritius Development of 20 clusters in the country sponsored by DC(MSME) Micro Enterprise Mapping of Self-Help Groups in districts of Rajasthan State Competency Mapping of Indian SMEs for Global Promotion under NEDB Study on Impact of Government Incentives and Subsidies on the Industrial Development in Andhra Pradesh Promotion of self-employment activities among the Tribal Youth Preparation of Business Plan for Handicraft Clusters Cont. Major Research and Consultancy Projects (2001-08 Integrated Handloom Cluster Development – Mubarakpur Integrated Handloom Cluster Development – BarabankiEvaluation Study of Schemes of Handloom Sector: Health Insurance Scheme Evaluation Study of Schemes of Handloom Sector: Integrated Handloom Training Project Evaluation Study of Schemes of Handloom Sector: 10% Rebate Scheme Study on Impact of Entrepreneurship Development Programmes Evaluation of EDI Scheme of Ministry of MSME Techn ical Services for Khadi and Village Industries Clusters Technical Services for Coir Clusters Hightlights:2001-08 Attained self-sufficiency (2001-02) Recognition of Employees Assistance Cell as Nodal Agency for training and rehabilitation of rationalized employees of Central Public Sector Undertakings (CPSUs) (2002) Providing Income Opportunities for the families of Child Labour in Previous: E-Commerce and Bridging Digital Divide: Telecom, Infrastructure and Access Next: OECDlight 9714499671

Marketing Culture

Marketing Culture Introduction The International Council of Museums (ICOM) defines a museum as a lasting institution that is not profit oriented, focused on serving and developing the general public which obtains, preserves, researches, corresponds and displays, for the goals of learning, education and leisure, tangible evidence of man and his surrounding (Ambrose and Paine, 1996, p.8).Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Marketing Culture Museums in Kuwait specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Museums exist in diverse forms though they have two common aspects: They are concerned with objects and their purpose has to do with communication. From the definition, three vital duties of museums are highlighted: Obtaining and conservation of accumulated objects to keep for a long time for purposes of learning and use, research on items in the assortment and exhibition and other utilization of resources for information and enlightenment for the ent ire public. These duties normally entail a clash of interests. For instance, it may be challenging to research on an item being exhibited and a resource may not be well conserved if it is visitors frequently get in touch with it for education reasons. The concentration of museums on attaining equilibrium among these diverse roles is also changing. Initially, museums focused on acquisition of works of art and did not so much value how people benefited from them. The museum’s contemporary duty has very much to do with communication. Why Marketing Is Important To the Success of a Museum Marketing is adequately bendy enough to fit to emerging situations. Past information on marketing reveals that its focus has been gradually shifting through commodity, institution, function, management, and social settings. Marketing basically encompasses a client need, fulfillment of this need, a connection between the company and the customer, and optimization of gains. Museums have not been ac tively involved in marketing because since marketing aims at meeting the customers’ needs, they fear that if they engage in it, they will lose their mission and instead focus on fulfilling only what customers need. This ought not to be the case since, marketing, if well conceptualized, can enable museums attain their objectives. Services marketing is becoming increasingly imperative to museum marketing. As such, the extended marketing mix is applicable. This refers to price, product, place, promotion, people, process, and physical support. The museum being a non-profit making organization ought to interface strategic marketing by linking its mission to marketing. A museum, being a non-profit making entity, has two unique parties that they need to reach out to funders and clients. In the same vein, marketing is needed to convince funders to keep on supporting the museum.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The purpose of this work is to: identify the varying target markets for museums, discuss the use of psychographic base as a tool for segmenting the market for the Kuwait National Museum, show how consumer’s decision in visiting the firm is affected by personal influences and reveal a marketing strategy that the Kuwait National Museum can devise in order to remain relevant to the contemporary consumer. This report is divided into four parts. The background highlights some profile information about the museum such its history, sources of funding, staffing, location, and collections. The second part describes the product market and market segmentation of the museum. The third section aims at recommending the appropriate target market, positioning strategy, and marketing mix for the museum. The conclusion part contains a summary of the recommendations and explains how they will result to a greater value to both the customers and the m useum (Cox, Radbourne and Tidwell, 1998,). Background The Kuwait National Museum was designed by architect Michel Ecochard. Having been completed in 1983, it encompasses five different buildings put up around a central backyard, and grouped in accordance to the knowledge of the Arabian Peninsula, its olden times, topography and civilization. The buildings are connected with galleries that enable easy movement from one to another. Those sightseers who wish to access only one part of the building can get into it through a lawn, protected from strong heat from the sun-by-sun breakers that are three-dimensional (Ecochard, 2000, p.1). First, there is the management, and cultural section comprising of conference facilities, a library, nightclub, restaurant, and administrative offices. Second, there is Land of Kuwait section, showing Kuwait’s aspects like botany, and zoology among other national aspects. Third, there is man of Kuwait partition exhibiting how the Kuwait man has devel oped socially and economically with time. Fourth, there is a section showing how Kuwait has developed both before and after oil discovery, and finally, the planetarium that shows the ancient devices of observation, a state of which the Arabs were the undebatable leaders up to the nineteenth century (Global markets, 2010, p.15). The museum is in a public and cultural building located in Kuwait city.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Marketing Culture Museums in Kuwait specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Between 1990 and 1991, the Iraqi invasion took place leading to the looting of the museum’s exhibits by the Iraqis. After looting most of the artifacts, they then set the facility ablaze. From about 1994, the museum has been seeking fiscal support from the United Nations Educational and Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO). This is meant to help it both restore its collection and renovate the museum build ing. Studies reveal that both Arab Fund for Economic and Social Development (AFESD) and Kuwaiti fund have devoted significant amount of finances towards the study for construction, construction works, and procurement of equipment for the construction of the national museum that is expected to transpire between July 2010 and January 2013 (CDR, 2009, P.18). These form the three sources of funding for the museum. However, the museum has undergone renovation and is currently among the best ones in Middle East with about 20000 artifacts (O’shea and Spilling, 2009, p.136). Therefore, with regard to the Product Life Cycle (PLC), the museum is in its introduction stage given that it has been in the decline stage after its destruction by the Iraqis (Mukherjee, 2009, p.80). In this stage, its management has developed innovative products that include 20000 artifacts and other olden valuables from Faylaka Island. Product Market Product market is a strategy that enables people to purchase goods or services with ease. The museum competes in several cultural markets. First, there is the cultural market. The product offered by the museum is intricate and transient. It may be interpreted in diverse ways by different people such as the experience brought about by the item, a specific item in the collection and social approval. This confusion regarding the actual product complicates the possibility of categorizing museums on the product / service foundation. The reason behind the existence The Kuwait National Museum has a strong market view gauged from the method through which it presents its materials, the duration it is open to the public and its tools of promotion. Its artifacts reveal much about the Kuwaiti and Islamic culture. Secondly, the museum plays an educative role. Due to its rich reservoir of ancient and cultural items, the museum is able to offer these products to people from Kuwait who may be interested in broadening their cultural knowledge. Tourists also use the facility as an educative instrument where they are able to acquire knowledge concerning both ancient and Arabic culture. Thirdly, the museum also competes in the leisure market. Numerous tourists from other parts of the world go the Kuwait National Museum to for recreational purposes. The museum is in the growth stage. This is due to increased awareness resulting from the cultural, educative and leisure product markets. Market Segmentation Market segmentation refers to the process of portioning the market into identifiable groups or segments. Market segmentation will enable the museum administration to develop a marketing mix that will meet identifiable customer needs in an effective manner. Secondly, by prioritizing the needs of customers, market segmentation will enable the museum to meet its goals and objectives.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In order to meet the specific needs for customers, it is essential for the museum to segment the clients into different groups in accordance to their wants, to be able to design a marketing mix that will suit them. An appropriate base of segmentation will therefore be psychographic segmentation. This segmentation approach is based on personality, motives, lifestyle, and geo-demographics (Mouncey Wimmer, 2007 pg.310). Personality defines whom a person is in terms of behavior, attitude towards the product for instance, if a potential customer harbors negative attitude towards the artifacts, it is highly probable that they may not show up for it. On the hand, those with a positive attitude will buy. A person’s trait also defines his or her personality and most people buy products and services they believe to be in line with their personalities. Segmentation based on geodemographics integrates some geographical aspects with demographic aspects. Geo-demographic segmentation is ba sed on the assumption that people tend to move to locations in which their classes fit and with people that they share occupation. Geo-demographic segmentation may use either acorn or Mosaic methods to segment the market. Acorn method categorizes people with identical socioeconomic characteristics together while the mosaic method analyzes information obtained from different sources (Beamish Ashford, 2006, p. 65). Lifestyle is also another important base for segmenting the market. It takes a more subjective approach and classifies markets based on factors such as opinions, social activities, and interests. Under social activities, emphasis is on activities or functions that bring people together such as shopping and sports. Interests refers to what people like or enjoy doing and especially during their free time and this would include music, internet etc. such factors are then interlinked with demographics to form a better foundation for market segmentation (Beamish Ashford, 2006 p g 65). Incorporating this base of marketing segmentation will enable the museum devise suitable product markets that will suit the needs of the customers. That is categorizing customers based on the geo-demographic segmentation will enable the museum design products that reflect the culture of the customers. Successful segmentation is based on four essential criteria. First, the market should be substantial implying that the target market segment should be large enough to justify development and maintenance of marketing mix. Demographic segmentation suits this criterion because personality, motives, lifestyle, and geodemographics cover a very diverse region within the market. Secondly, the target market segment should be identifiable and measurable meaning the marketer should at least know the number of people interested in the marketing mix. Based on the psychographic segmentation especially the geo-demographic aspect, it is possible to identify and measure the exact number of clie nts based on their lifestyle, as well as where their respective class enables them to be. Thirdly, accessibility of the target market should be considered since it would not make sense to develop a marketing mix that will never get to the customers. Personality base focuses on people’s social activities and interests, and as such, it is possible to access a target market based on these aspects. Finally yet importantly, the market segment should be responsive to the particular mix designed. All components of psychographic segmentation such as personality, motives, lifestyle, and geodemographics are likely to respond to the marketing mix in a similar way. For example, all these components involve people, that is, the museum administration interacting with potential customers to find out the best way of reaching them with their product. Recommendations The target market for the museum could be the working class of the Taiwan people. This is because in segmenting the market with regard to geodemographics, people tend to be close to where their counterparts fit and their classes are. Potential customers who are likely to have this tendency are the working category. Given that they have a source of income, they are likely to provide a wider market for the Kuwait National Museum. Structurally, such a category of consumers has a well-structured lifestyle in terms of their varying opinions on range of issues, diverse interests for themselves and their families and plenty of leisure time to be utilized in fulfilling their interests. Due to varying personalities, it is possible to equip the museum with those artifacts that reflect the respective personalities of this target market. As such, the artifacts are supposed to be as diverse as the personalities themselves and therefore this segmentation implies growth to the museum and hence fits it. Positioning strategy refers to the act of painting in the minds of the target audience what the organization stands for, w hat makes it so unique in comparison to other organizations in a bid to place a perception in their mind that will make them prefer it to similar others (Sargeant and Jay, 2010, p.83). The attributes crucial to the target market is the ability of the museum to provide products that suit their cultural expectations, their interests. A product that is in line with their culture and likes will definitely cause them to have a positive attitude towards it. The Kuwait National Museum being based in the Kuwait city is stocked with diverse works of art that reflect the Arabian culture. It has five different apartments that contain varying artifacts to suit the different needs of the customers who also have different personalities. However, with the changing demography and hence personalities, the museum ought to reposition itself to suit the emerging client needs. This may include increasing the diversification of its products. The museum should adopt the conventional marketing mix that inc ludes product, place, price, and promotion. To support the museum’s position, the artifacts in the museum should be designed to reflect and suit the social, cultural, and political perceptions of the customers. Since museums are believed to be for public good, prices should be set in accordance to the value that clients attach to the service provided. Promotion informs the customers about the services being offered in the museum. Since financial considerations restrain promotions carried out in the museums, the museum should work attracting funding in a bid to influence decision makers like the local government. Concerning the place, the Kuwait National Museum is strategically located in Kuwait city and there may be no need for changes. Conclusion To ensure that the museum has a greater value for its works of art, the marketing mix should be improved accordingly. First, the products should be diversified to reflect the broad cultural and social needs of the clients. This will lead to increased value for the customers because it will be a measure to suit their needs. Secondly, the prices should be adjusted to reflect the value of the customers to the facility and its public significance. This will enhance the museum’s competitiveness, cause many customers to prefer it and in turn show the value for the clients. Thirdly, since promotion is expensive and the museum is non-profit making organization, attempts should be made to raise funds to enlighten customers on the museum’s services. This will reflect the museum’s concern for the customers’ needs and will better its relations with other parties. In addition, the place where the national museum is located is in Kuwait city and as such, it is strategic. Reference List Ambrose, T. and Paine, C., 1993. Museum Basics. New York: Routledge. Web. Available from: https://books.google.com/books?id=dmQ30uy8vWcCpg=PA8lpg=PA8dq=Ambrose+%26+Paine+%281993%29+on+museum+definitionsource=blots= jkdK0TfotPsig=iZSW_QgUaw1-E7Lt2Tx3EOYvm1Yhl=enei=H6UFTejhIueX4gaStJnGCgsa=Xoi=book_resultct=resultresnum=1ved=0CBgQ6AEwAA#v=onepageqf=false . Beamish, K. and Ashford, R., 2006. CIM Course book 06/07 Marketing Planning. MO: Butterworth Heinemann. Web. Available from: https://books.google.com/books?id=7rfmjL86sv8Cpg=PA64dq=steps+in+marketing+segmentationhl=enei=4eLPTOg6wpKMB9G9kaMGsa=Xoi=book_resultct=resultresnum=10ved=0CFgQ6AEwCQ#v=onepageq=steps%20in%20marketing%20segmentationf=false . CDR. 2009. Social Infrastructure. Web. Available from: cdr.gov.lb/eng/progress_reports/pr102009/Eeduc.pdf . Cox, S., Radbourne, J. and Tidwell, P., 1998. Museum Marketing: Implications for Extending the Current Literature. (Attached material) Ecochard, M., 1980. The National Museum of Kuwait. In Places of Public Gathering in Islam. Philadelphia: Aga Khan Award for Architecture. Global Markets. 2009. Kuwait 2009 Hospitality Market Overview. Kuwait: Global Markets. Web. Available from: https://books.g oogle.com/books?id=Y_PCONVeMjACpg=PT14dq=history+of+Kuwait+National+Museumhl=enei=BdMFTYfwH8-H5Ab6_OXPCgsa=Xoi=book_resultct=resultresnum=5ved=0CD0Q6AEwBA#v=onepageq=history%20of%20Kuwait%20National%20Museumf=true . Mouncey, P. and Wimmer, F., 2007. Market Research Best Practice: 30 Visions For the Future: A Compilation of Discussion Papers, Case Studies and Methodologies from ESOMAR. England: John Wiley and Sons. Web. Available from: https://books.google.com/books?id=3pZz3n1NNk8Cpg=PA310dq=market+segmentation+based+on+psychographic+variableshl=enei=pQDRTO71MOag4Qak#v=onepageq=market%20segmentation%20based%20on%20psychographic%20variablesf=false . Mukherjee, K., 2009. Product Management: Texts and Cases. New Delhi: PHI Learning Private Limited. Web. Available from: https://books.google.com/books?id=X7yLhiQvRNwCpg=PA84dq=plc+stageshl=enei=FPMFTYuUA5G74gb71YjyCQsa=Xoi=book_resultct=resultresnum=4ved=0CDoQ6AEwAw#v=onepageq=plc%20stagesf=false . O’shea, M. and Spilling, M., 2009. Kuwait. New York: Michelle Bisson. Web. Available from: https://books.google.com/books?id=SKpyD-B34KQCpg=PA136dq=product+life+cycle+phase+of+the+kuwait+national+museumhl=enei=aPYFTYb4ENOD4QbtlPCuCgsa=Xoi=book_resultct=resultresnum=1ved=0CCYQ6AEwAA#v=onepageqf=false . Sargeant, A. and Jay, E., 2010. Fundraising Management: Analysis, Planning and Practice. New York: Routledge. Web. Available from: https://books.google.com/books?id=4Fc_Td_Q5eoCpg=PA83dq=Positioning+strategyhl=enei=5P4GTZCVD-SLnAfSwqHlDQsa=Xoi=book_resultct=resultresnum=10ved=0CFYQ6AEwCQ#v=onepageq=Positioning%20strategyf=false .