The State Of California Overturn Prop 209 - 1731 Words

To: Social Workers, Higher Education Admissions to the State of California From: #34328759 Date: 11/25/2014 RE: Affirmative Action: A Win-Win for all Students in California Beyond Proposal: I propose that the state of California overturn Prop 209, which had previously removed race, religion, sex, color, ethnicity and national origin as consideration factors for admission to universities for undergraduate learning. Increasing additional students of color who enroll not only expands opportunities but also enhances the educational experiences of white students. Overturning Proposition 209 means there would be an increase in access to higher education for a growing number of students, reflecting a more accurate distribution of the†¦show more content†¦Overturning Proposition 209 would allow universities to consider race, ethnicity and gender in admissions. Affirmative action was an outcome of the Civil Rights Movement during the 1960s. In the past, affirmative action has been used to improve opportunities with education and employment for excluded minority groups in American society President Kennedy was the first to use this term â€Å"in an Executive order tha t directed government contractors to take affirmative action to ensure that applicants are employed, and that employees are treated during employment, without regard to their race, creed, color, or national origin† (Affirmative Action, 2014). Affirmative action was a temporary remedy that would last until there was a level playing field for all Americans. However, this was not the case; in the 1970s, there was a lot of backlash and arguments about affirmative action and how it was a form of reverse racism. The Bakke Case made the argument of reverse racism famous. â€Å"In 1978, a white male, had been rejected two years in a row by a medical school that had accepted less qualified minority applications- the school had a separate admissions policy for minorities and reserved 16 out of 100 places for minority students† (Brunner Rowen, 2014). From this, the Supreme Court made it illegal to have quota systems in affirmative action programs. In November 1996 the voters of C alifornia passed Proposition 209, which banned race as a consideration in public

Peer Pressure Free Essays

Have you ever been forced to do anything ? Have u ever felt that you are in a tight corner because of someone’s comment? We all could face situations like that; we all could have faced peer pressure. What is peer pressure? â€Å" Peer pressure is when someone or a group of people influences or encourages others to do things they do not want to do or tries to change people’s attitude, or behavior towards something or it is the feeling that someone of your own age is pushing you towards making a certain choice, good or bad†( http://www.thecoolspot. We will write a custom essay sample on ï » ¿Peer Pressure or any similar topic only for you Order Now gov/pressures.asp). Peer pressure is mostly common among teens, they could accept to do something they don’t want to do as their friends would make fun of them or everyone is just trying to fit in. Because when you act in a different way you are considered an outsider and not cool. The desire to fit in can go as far as doing things you have never imagined. We all are influenced by our peers, both negatively and positively. It helps us to define who we are. It is how we chose to react to peer pressure that defines who we are as individuals. Are we a leader or a follower? Both types of people are needed to make the world go round or just you may lose yourself and forget who you are just to satisfy your peers. Peers influence your life, even if you do not realize it, just by spending time with you. You learn from them, and they learn from you. It is only human nature to listen to and learn from other people in your age group. Peers can have a positive influence on each other. For example, a student in your science class taught you an easy way to remember something related to the subject. You might admire a friend who is always a good support for you and try to be like him, these are examples of how peers positively influence each other every day. Sometimes peers influence each other in negative ways. For example, some people in school might try to get you to cut class with them, or your friend might try to convince you to try to start smoking or taking drugs with him, or your friend in might want you to shoplift with  him. The causes of peer pressure are so many, One of the main reasons that can lead to peer pressure is lack of self-confidence, the feeling of being alone, not accepted by anyone or by society, everyone is making fun of you and the desire to fit in, these reasons can affect anyone easily and put him under this pressure. One of the causes also is changing the environment you are used to, like leaving high school and going to University, meeting new people with different characters and personalities. Or the big problem might be in the way parents bring up their children. This can affect society in good and bad ways. The effects of negative pressure can lead to the presence of cloning minds different people but have the same mentality, thinking in the same way and acting in an inappropriate way that is unacceptable by the society. A question that always comes up. Why do people give in to peer pressure? People give in to peer pressure because they want to be liked, may be Others go along because they are curious to try something new that others are doing. The idea that everybody is doing that thing can influence some people to leave their common sense behind and the way they judge things. How can people combat peer pressure? The normal way of just saying no does not work. Sure, it sounds good to say no but in reality, a person may want to say no, but just cannot as it is tough to be the only one who is facing this pressure, but on the other hand you can pay attention to your feelings and beliefs about the right and wrong things that can help you more self-confidence and having a strong pack up from parents, family even from your teachers can help you stand firm. One of the solutions that help you to run away from peer pressure is to have at least one friend, who is willing to say no too. This takes a lot of the power out of this pressure and makes it much easier to resist. Try to ask for advise from your teacher or your family and they will support you facing peer pressure, stay away from friends who use drugs, smoke cigarettes, or even lying. Also try to help a friend who is facing peer pressure or having troubles resisting it, it can be so powerful to one of them by joining the other in order not to  feel alone in this nightmare. To sum up peer pressure is like a nightmare chasing us all, so If you continued to face peer pressure and you are finding it difficult to handle, talk to someone you can trust and don’t feel guilty if you have made mistakes. Stand up again and continue your way and prepare youself for the next time you face peer pressure. How to cite ï » ¿Peer Pressure, Papers

Professional Practices and Power Lines an Example of the Topic Science and Technology Essays by

Professional Practices and Power Lines Public concerns on possible health risks from residential exposures to low-strength, low-frequency electric and magnetic fields became a major focus of scientists and government officials. In 1991, the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) was asked by the United States of America Congress to review the researches conducted on the effects from exposure to electromagnetic fields and determine whether the scientific basis was sufficient to assess health risks from such exposures (Miller et al., 1996; Moulder, 2006). Need essay sample on "Professional Practices and Power Lines" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed Overview Health Effects According to studies (ELF Electric & magnetic fields: health effects & exposure guidelines, n.d.), biological material being affected by electromagnetic fields depends on the frequency of the source. It usually acts as waves but at times, it acts like particles especially at high frequencies. The particle nature of electromagnetic energy is important because it is the energy per particle (or photons) that determines what biological effects electromagnetic energy will have (Possible health effects of exposure to residential electric and magnetic fields, 1997). These photons are believed to have abilities to break chemical bonds (called ionization) because it has enough energy (Moulder, 2006). The ionizing and non-ionizing characteristics of electromagnetic fields and biological effects lead to researches on its possible carcinogenic effects to humans. The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) is the one responsible for cancer research for the World Health Organization. IARC reported in 2001 that "overall, extremely low frequency magnetic fields were evaluated as possibly carcinogenic to humans, based on the statistical association of higher level residential extremely low frequency (ELF) magnetic fields and increased risk for childhood leukemia (Miller, et al., 1996; Repacholi, 1998)." However, studies are still underway to determine if ELF exposure can influence cancer promotion or co-promotion (Electric and magnetic fields, 2003). Laboratory studies on humans exposed to intense electric and magnetic fields produced no observed changes in blood pressure, body temperature, sleep, appetite or physical functions (Electric and magnetic fields, 2003). Other studies showed mood and behavior unchanged in human subjects (Repacholi, 1998). The use of cardiac pacemakers and other implanted electromedical devices was also reported to be affected by strong electromagnetic fields (Repacholi, 1998). WHO then suggested manufacturers of such devices to manufacture less susceptible electromedical devices to EMI. These fields were shown to cause electromagnetic interference (EMI) and may be more of a threat than a benefit to the patient. It was suggested that these patients must consult their doctor for possible susceptibility to EMI. Environmental Effects The electromagnetic fields were known to lower the dielectric constant of the water due to the resultant partial or complete destruction of the hydrogen-bonded network (Moulder, 2006; Electric and magnetic fields, 2003). In addition to the breakage of hydrogen bonds, electromagnetic fields may perturb in the gas/liquid interface and produce reactive oxygen species (Electric and magnetic fields, 2003). These changes in hydrogen bonding may effect carbon dioxide hydration resulting in pH changes. This consequently decreases the quality of soil and affects agriculture and economic output, especially on areas highly dependent on agriculture as source of living. It also affects ground water, thus, affects public health of the community dependent on it. Power lines Siting Which is safer: power lines constructed underground or overhead? Many aspects should be considered when putting up power lines. If health risk is the more focus though scientific evidence is not strong enough, power lines should be underground in crowded areas like rural or cities. On areas where agriculture is critical, powerlines should be overhead to avoid effects on water quality since this is scientifically supported. But considering government management and budget, it is more economical to put powerlines overhead due to easy access and earlier repair in cases of problems or emergencies. At present, Grade A copper priced at 50 U.S. cents per ton (Copper, n.d.). The per capita income demand for copper in North America in year 2000 was 12 kg (Copper, n.d.). It is therefore important to have an effective system of health information and communication among scientists, governments, industry and the public because it can help raise general awareness to deal with exposure to ELF fiel ds and reduce any mistrust and fears. Conclusion The researches on effects of electromagnetic fields have shown interactions between fields and biological systems can occur. But based on risk assessment performed in many studies, significant adverse interactions at ambient fields to which human and animals are typically exposed remains unclear and insufficient. The research does hold out the possibility of a risk, but it is expected that research efforts that are currently underway will likely address this concern. Many researches have been done that provided the present established exposure limit values. These are now used to provide protection against the acute hazards that can result from high intensity exposure levels. These studies along with future researches will determine if there is a need for lowering the limits to provide protection against the consequences of chronic low level exposure. References Base Metals (n.d.) Copper [Internet]. BC Hydro. (2003) Electric and magnetic fields [Internet]. British Colombia, BC Hydro. Available from: http://www.bchydro.com/> [Accessed 11 January 2007]. Commission on Life Sciences (1997) Possible health effects of exposure to residential electric and magnetic fields [Internet]. Commission on Life Sciences (CLS). Available from: http://books.nap.edu/openbook.php> [Accessed 11 January 2007]. Department of Labour (n.d.) ELF Electric & Magnetic Fields: Health Effects & Exposure Guidelines [Internet]. Radiation Safety Unit, Department of Labour. Saskatchewan, Canada. Miller, A.B., To, T., Agnew, D.A., Wall, C., and Green, L.M. (1996) Leukemia following occupational exposure to 60 - Hz electric and magnetic fields among Ontario electric utility workers, American Journal of Epidemiology, 144(2) July, pp. 150-60. Moulder, J.E. (2006) Questions and answers on EMF and its effects: What's new? [Internet]. Version 10.1.1 (August). Repacholi, M. (1998) Electromagnetic fields and public health: extremely low frequency (ELF) [Internet]. World Health Organization (WHO). Geneva, WHO.

Compare and Contrast William Shakespeares Sonnet 18 to In an Artists Studio by Christina Rossetti Essays

Compare and Contrast William Shakespeares Sonnet 18 to In an Artists Studio by Christina Rossetti Essays Compare and Contrast William Shakespeares Sonnet 18 to In an Artists Studio by Christina Rossetti Paper Compare and Contrast William Shakespeares Sonnet 18 to In an Artists Studio by Christina Rossetti Paper Essay Topic: Christina Rossetti Poems Literature The pre twentieth century sonnets In an Artists studio (1856) by Christina Rossetti (1830 1894) and Sonnet 18 (1609) by William Shakespeare (1564 1616) are related because they explore the subjects of Beauty and Love, however it is important to acknowledge that although they are similar in content, they differ due to the way they present the object of their desires from contrasting perspectives. Furthermore, whilst the poems share the conventional fourteen line sonnet structure, Rossetti relies on the petrarchan whilst Shakespeares rhyme scheme is original. The Petrarchan sonnet portrays Christina Rossettis older brother, Dante Gabrielle, who was obsessed with the model Jane Morris whom he used for inspiration in his paintings during the Pre Raphalite period, which he himself founded. The aim of the Brotherhood was to produce earnest, quasi-religious works, motivated by medieval and early Renaissance painters up to the time of the Italian painter and Architect Raphael. This was because as a whole they eschewed the sombre colours and formal vision preferred by the Royal academy at the time. This is illustrated by Dante Gabrielles paintings of the nameless girl in freshest summer greens. By Contrast, Shakespeares sonnet is addressed to an anonymous person with whom he is infatuated. He begins by posing the rhetorical question of whether or not he should compare his subject to A summers day. He dismisses his question in the second line and argues thou art more lovely and more temperate. Although the diction used in the poem is ornate due to the tradition of courtly love of his time, his simple and direct analogy enables us to comprehend the nature oh his affection more easily. His use of iambic pentameter is also very efficient, there being ten syllables in each line and the use of a simple rhyming scheme with a couplet at the end helps to generate a calm and confident effect which contributes to Shakespeares general premise of the nature Love. Rossettis ode is written two hundred and forty seven years later and is therefore far simpler to grasp. She describes her brothers infatuation by using the word feeds which indicates that he needs the model to sustain himself as he feeds upon her face by night and day. Rossetti uses language associated with food to convey the impression that love is essential to the contribution of life itself. The nameless face is a portrait of perfection throughout all of Dantes canvasses. Whereas Shakespeare woos his beloved through flattery by stating that his love is better than the sun because, Sometimes too hot the eye of heaven shines, and often his gold complexion dimmd. The first part of the quotation indicates that the heat of the sun is sometimes scorching and therefore unbearable, the personification of the sun as somebody radiating out heat and causing discomfort enables him to describe his love as something more lovely and temperate than the imperfections of the English summer. Although the objects of affection in each sonnet are presented differently, it can be seen that both poets are portraying perfection. Rossetti expresses that Gabrielle has presented Jane Morris beyond reality and has perfected her so, proving her to be not as she is but as she fills his dream. Comparatively Shakespeare conveys that the being whom he is flattering is better than a summers day. Summers lease hath all too short a date Stating that summer does not last whereas the beauty of his subject of desire will, expressing that the lease of his exquisiteness is everlasting. There is a prominent use of natural worlds in both poems to glamorise Rossetti and Shakespeares subjects of desire equally. Shakespeare chooses a summers day to reiterate that his entity of desire is far beyond the beauty of a summers day Whereas Rossettis simile Fair as the moon and joyful as the light suggests that the women in the paintings is presented as angelic and saint like which is reflective of the pre raphelite period in which they purposely hunted to bring a religious undertone to their art, and because they aimed to produce quasi religious works. Again verifying the embroidered depiction of the cherished individuals. Both admirers Shakespeare and Rossetti offer immortality. Shakespeare quite ironically states that Nor shall death brag thou wanderest in his shade in line 12 of the sonnet, referring to the biblical reference, oh death, where is thy sting? Or grave thy victory (Psalms 23:3). This testimonial implies that death normally boasts of his conquests over life. Whereas Shakespeare implies that his magnificence will not be forgotten even if death captures her. When in eternal lines to time thou growest, suggesting that it is through these undying lines that his subjects elegance will be able to live by time. In his ending couplet, Shakespeare states that as long as men breathe and eyes can see his verses will live on commemorating and renewing the life he adores. Similarly Dante Gabrielles paintings of the selfsame figure will allow Jane Morris to be reminisced, obviously through the canvases. Although it can be debated that it is not the actual model of Jane Morris whom will be remembered, but instead the superficial self which Dante has created. A saint, an angel every canvas means Every depiction is created just as perfect as both a saint and an angel. I believe that this is a very important part to have identified because of Christina Rossettis tone whilst describing the nameless face. Rossetti highlights her animosity through the use of repetition in the first two verses. One face looks out from all his canvases One selfsame figure sits or walks or leans Her tone here is cynical as she repeats the word One suggesting that she is bitter and resilient to his portrayal of the model as well as his obsession. I personally enjoyed Sonnet 18 by William Shakespeare, because it is more effective in revealing the essence of Love and Beauty. Although both sonnets are about beauty and love they are still quite different to each other. In Sonnet 18 Shakespeare uses an analogy to evaluate his subject to a summers day. He presents her through adoration and displays her as she naturally is. However in In an Artists studio Dante sustains upon the selfsame figure that he possesses in his personal intellect. The model Jane Morris is placed on a pedestal to make her appear unblemished as well as angelic and unquestionably picturesque. Gabrielle does not portray her as she is but instead, as she fills his dreams. Both Sonnets characterize their treasured ones in unimaginable forms, they are exquisite to the outermost, simply by the use of unparalleled phraseology, manufacturing them neither as they arise but moreover as they saturate dreams.

The History of the Thermometer

The History of the Thermometer Thermometers measure temperature, by using materials that change in some way when they are heated or cooled. In a mercury or alcohol thermometer, the liquid expands as it is heated and contracts when it is cooled, so the length of the liquid column is longer or shorter depending on the temperature. Modern thermometers are calibrated in standard temperature units such as Fahrenheit (used in the United States) or Celsius (used in Canada), or Kelvin (used mostly by scientists). What is a Thermoscope? Before there was the thermometer, there was the earlier and closely related thermoscope, best described as a thermometer without a scale. A thermoscope only showed the differences in temperatures, for example, it could show something was getting hotter. However, the thermoscope did not measure all the data that a thermometer could, for example, an exact temperature in degrees. Early History Several inventors invented a version of the thermoscope at the same time. In 1593, Galileo Galilei invented a rudimentary water thermoscope, which for the first time, allowed temperature variations to be measured. Today, Galileos invention is called the Galileo Thermometer, even though by definition it was really a thermoscope. It was a container filled with bulbs of varying mass, each with a temperature marking, the buoyancy of water changes with temperature, some of the bulbs sink while others float, the lowest bulb indicated what temperature it was. In 1612, the Italian inventor Santorio Santorio became the first inventor to put a numerical scale on his thermoscope. It was perhaps the first crude clinical thermometer, as it was designed to be placed in a patients mouth for temperature taking. Neither Galileos nor Santorios instruments were very accurate. In 1654, the first enclosed liquid-in-a-glass thermometer was invented by the Grand Duke of Tuscany, Ferdinand II. The Duke used alcohol as his liquid. However, it was still inaccurate and used no standardized scale. Fahrenheit Scale: Daniel Gabriel Fahrenheit What can be considered the first modern thermometer, the mercury thermometer with a standardized scale, was invented by Daniel Gabriel Fahrenheit in 1714. Daniel Gabriel Fahrenheit was the German physicist who invented the alcohol thermometer in 1709, and the mercury thermometer in 1714. In 1724, he introduced the standard temperature scale that bears his name- Fahrenheit Scale- that was used to record changes in temperature in an accurate fashion. The Fahrenheit scale divided the freezing and boiling points of water into 180 degrees. 32 °F was the freezing point of water and 212 °F was the boiling point of water. 0 °F was based on the temperature of an equal mixture of water, ice, and salt. Fahrenheit based his temperature scale on the temperature of the human body. Originally, the human body temperature was 100 ° F on the Fahrenheit scale, but it has since been adjusted to 98.6 °F. Centigrade Scale: Anders Celsius The Celsius temperature scale is also referred to as the centigrade scale. Centigrade means consisting of or divided into 100 degrees. In 1742, the Celsius scale was invented by Swedish Astronomer Anders Celsius. The Celsius scale has 100 degrees between the freezing point (0 °C) and boiling point (100 °C) of pure water at sea level air pressure. The term Celsius was adopted in 1948 by an international conference on weights and measures. Kelvin Scale: Lord Kelvin Lord Kelvin took the whole process one step further with his invention of the Kelvin Scale in 1848. The Kelvin Scale measures the ultimate extremes of hot and cold. Kelvin developed the idea of absolute temperature, what is called the Second Law of Thermodynamics, and developed the dynamical theory of heat. In the 19th century, scientists were researching what was the lowest temperature possible. The Kelvin scale uses the same units as the Celcius scale, but it starts at Absolute Zero, the temperature at which everything including air freezes solid. Absolute zero is 0 K, which is equal to 273 °C degrees Celsius. When a thermometer was used to measure the temperature of a liquid or of air, the thermometer was kept in the liquid or air while a temperature reading was being taken. Obviously, when you take the temperature of the human body you cant do the same thing. The mercury thermometer was adapted so it could be taken out of the body to read the temperature. The clinical or medical thermometer was modified with a sharp bend in its tube that was narrower than the rest of the tube. This narrow bend kept the temperature reading in place after you removed the thermometer from the patient by creating a break in the mercury column. That is why you shake a mercury medical thermometer before and after you use it, to reconnect the mercury and get the thermometer to return to room temperature. Mouth Thermometers In 1612, the Italian inventor  Santorio Santorio  invented  the mouth thermometer  and perhaps the first crude clinical thermometer. However, it was both bulky, inaccurate, and took too long to get a reading. The first doctors to routinely take the temperature of their patients were: Hermann Boerhaave (1668–1738), Gerard L.B. Van Swieten (1700–1772) founder of the Viennese School of Medicine, and Anton De Haen (1704–1776). These doctors found temperature correlated to the progress of an illness, however, few of their contemporaries agreed, and the thermometer was not widely used. First Practical Medical Thermometer English physician, Sir Thomas Allbutt (1836–1925) invented the first practical medical thermometer used for taking the  temperature  of a person in 1867. It was portable, 6 inches in length and able to record a patients temperature in 5 min. Ear Thermometer Pioneering  biodynamicist  and flight surgeon with the Luftwaffe during World War II, Theodore Hannes Benzinger invented the ear thermometer. David Phillips invented the infrared ear thermometer in 1984. Dr. Jacob Fraden, CEO of Advanced Monitors Corporation, invented the worlds  best-selling ear thermometer, the Thermoscan ® Human Ear Thermometer.

Draw their Veils over Their Bosoms Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Draw their Veils over Their Bosoms - Essay Example Though Muslim women are not this secluded in the modern life, they have to seclude themselves from head to toe. This document shows the religious beliefs of Islamic people. Though there is nowhere in the Quran where it is indicated that women should be secluded from head to toe, women are expected to do so. This shows in a way that women are discriminated against and there are activities that men undertake but women are not expected to follow suit. However, it also shows that Islamic people value their religion. They had to follow in the footsteps of Prophet Muhammad. The article has had an impact on the lives of Muslim women today. It is quite difficult to find an Islamic women walking around exposing themselves (Duiker & Spielvogel, 2009). There are instances where these Muslim women wear veils that only leave a space for their eyes especially. This mostly happens to the not yet married ones. Moreover, Islamic women do not interact with the male gender unless in it is very important. They are only allowed to interact freely with their

Common ground Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Common ground - Essay Example Prior to civil war, raw food materials were flooding the market because people prepared food like bread, cheese, vegetable etc. from the raw material, either bought from the local supermarket or home grown. Late nineteenth and early twentieth century saw the advent of processed food which immediately captured the interest of the consumer. Readymade food flooded the market and ‘two minute’ noodle became the craze. Similarly, the paint industry also went under transformation. Technology as well as the innovative approach to painting, became an instant hit with the consumers who loved the new technology. The emerging paint industries bought the smaller ones and grew rapidly, touching great heights in a comparatively short time. The changing consumer requirement became a vital market strategy in the coming years which saw the emergence of new industrial revolution that specialized in creating new market. The fast technological advancement became the hall mark of post civil war period. The corresponding change in the consumer behaviour was one of the most compelling factor in promoting fast industrialization which was highly original in ideas and became proficient in exploiting the market demand that was intentionally created. Hence the common ground of both the article is the changing consumer demand which moved from the traditional household industries to highly indigenous and technologically advanced industries in area of public interest and